Abstract
Ions are confined in Penning trap by the combination of electric field and magnetic field, as the electric field confines ions in the axial direction through an electric potential minimum and the magnetic field applied along the axis of the trap confines the ions in the radial direction. In the high temperature limit Coulomb interaction of ions can be neglected and the total energy is due to the electrostatic potential energy of the charge of ions and kinetic energy due to thermal energy. However, in the low temperature limit the trapping potential created by the dc voltage applied between the end cap and ring electrodes is cancelled by Coulomb interaction of ions and the total energy is mainly kinetic energy of ions. The probability density of energy distribution of ions along axial direction, in radial plane and total probability density of energy distribution due to resulting motion of both axial and radial motion of ions under high temperature and low temperature limits in a Quadrupole Penning trap are presented here. These results reveal the energy properties of ion cloud and are useful to carry out accurate measurement experiments on single stored particle, antiparticles with energy related parameters, under high temperature and low temperature limits in a Quadrupole Penning trap.
Highlights
Penning traps are used for high precision mass spectrometry, time of flight detection of ion cyclotron and magnetron resonances and for cooling of antiprotons, spectral intensity distribution of fermions [1], quantum information processing [2] etc
The end-cap electrodes are biased with a positive DC voltage for the confinement of positive ions or negative DC voltage for the confinement of negative ions with respect to the ring electrode; both electric and magnetic fields are superposed to trap ions, as the resultant of quadrupolar potential in a small region of space
The quadrupole Penning trap is made with three-electrodes; two are end-cap electrodes and a ring electrode
Summary
Penning traps are used for high precision mass spectrometry, time of flight detection of ion cyclotron and magnetron resonances and for cooling of antiprotons, spectral intensity distribution of fermions [1], quantum information processing [2] etc. A thorough knowledge of different properties of stored ions like stability parameters, energy distribution, potential depths, space charge effects, anharmonicities etc. The end-cap electrodes are biased with a positive DC voltage for the confinement of positive ions or negative DC voltage for the confinement of negative ions with respect to the ring electrode; both electric and magnetic fields are superposed to trap ions, as the resultant of quadrupolar potential in a small region of space (see Figure 1). Penning traps are used in high precision mass spectrometry [6, 7] for cooling antiprotons for measuring their gravitational acceleration [8]. A thorough knowledge of different properties of ions including energy distribution along axial direction, in radial plane and the total energy distribution is necessary to understand these processes
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