Vehicle-to-Grid Technology with Virtual Inertia Control for Enhanced Frequency Regulation in Smart Grid

Abstract

This article suggests a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) paradigm based on virtual inertia control for improving Power System Frequency Regulation Services (FRS). As modern grids have far less inertia than prior, thus maintaining reserved power (such as batteries) to mitigate grid frequency fluctuations would entail a very quick and responsive regulatory operation. Although battery energy storage systems are quite expensive, it is advocated that regulated loads such as Electric Vehicles (EVs) may be integrated into modern low-inertia power grids to lessen the required competence of energy storage technologies. Additionally, the impact of intentionally produced delays on control signals in a Hybrid Power System (HPS) is investigated. It demonstrates a straightforward yet effective tactic known as the random delay attack. An adversary causes random delays on a succession of control signals in this attack, causing the nation of the core part to rapidly diverge. As a consequence, an optimal Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control (LADRC) is employed for frequency regulation in an interconnected restructured HPS employing V2G technology. The controller's gain coefficients are optimized using a modified Quasi-Opposition based Harris Hawks Optimization (QOHHO) strategy. Furthermore, the significant findings of the investigated system validate the presented frequency stabilization scheme.