Abstract
The positioning accuracy of the existing vehicular Global Positioning System (GPS) is far from sufficient to support autonomous driving and ITS applications. To remedy that, leading methods such as ranging and cooperation have improved the positioning accuracy to varying degrees, but they are still full of challenges in practical applications. Especially for cooperative positioning, in addition to the performance of methods, cooperators may provide false data due to attacks or selfishness, which can seriously affect the positioning accuracy. By fully exploiting the characteristics of blockchain and edge computing, this paper proposes a vehicular blockchain-based secure and efficient GPS positioning error evolution sharing framework, which improves vehicle positioning accuracy from ensuring security and credibility of cooperators and data. First, by analyzing the GPS error, a bridge can be established between the sensor-rich vehicles and the common vehicles to achieve cooperation by sharing the positioning error evolution at a specific time and location. Particularly, the positioning error evolution is obtained by a deep neural network (DNN)-based prediction algorithm running on the edge server. We further propose to use blockchain technology for storage and sharing the evolution of positioning errors, mainly to guarantee the security of cooperative vehicles and mobile edge computing nodes (MECNs). In addition, the corresponding smart contracts are designed to automate and efficiently perform storage and sharing tasks as well as solve inconsistencies in time scales. Extensive simulations based on actual data indicate the accuracy and security of our proposal in terms of positioning error correction and data sharing.
Highlights
P OSITIONING information is very important for vehicles, especially for autonomous vehicles, which can be used to navigate in real-time with other data such as geographic dataManuscript received February 6, 2019; revised May 31, 2019 and October 8, 2019; accepted December 16, 2019
Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements contain a variety of errors, which can be classified into three categories based on the source of the error: 1) errors associated with GPS satellites; 2) errors associated with signal propagation; 3) and receiverrelated errors
The performance of our proposed algorithm is evaluated by a large number of simulations, which are divided into three aspects
Summary
P OSITIONING information is very important for vehicles, especially for autonomous vehicles, which can be used to navigate in real-time with other data such as geographic data. LI et al.: VEHICLE POSITION CORRECTION: A VEHICULAR BLOCKCHAIN NETWORKS-BASED GPS ERROR SHARING FRAMEWORK. These efforts use different methods to improve vehicle positioning accuracy to degrees. This work proposes a vehicular blockchain-based framework for improving GPS positioning accuracy by ensuring the security and credibility of cooperative data. As information providers, sensor-rich vehicles provide positioning errors obtained by other methods to common vehicles (i.e., data requesters). Collective Learning Strategy: Cooperation between vehicles by sharing DNN models instead of positioning error data, which makes the results more adaptive to the current driving environment. Simulation results validate the accuracy and security of our proposal in terms of positioning error prediction, error correction and data sharing process.
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