Abstract
The difficulty and length of time required for seed germination of mate (Ilex paraguariensis), as well as the pressing need for clonal multiplication of improved genetic material, has resulted in several studies related to vegetative propagation in an effort to obtain rooted cuttings more quickly and with better genetic quality. Currently, the biggest challenge is propagating and rooting adult plants selected in the field without requiring clear cutting to generate conditions for the basal induction of juvenile sprouts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a method to rescue adult mate plants through the generation of epicormic sprouts. To accomplish this, tree branches of mate that were at least 19 years of age were collected and packed in trays with sand for sprouting. Different solutions containing a mixture of sucrose and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were sprayed in branches at 29, 22, 15, 8 and 1 day(s) before collection. We conclude that the vegetative propagation of adult mate trees is technically efficient and requires no treatment with sucrose or IBA and results in the formation of plants suitable for planting or serving as mother plants for continuous multiplication via cloning.
Highlights
Mate is used to make a stimulating drink that is consumed instead of coffee; the drink is greenish in color and contains caffeine, tannins and vitamins, such as B1, B2, B5, C, E, B-carotene, sucrose, fructose, folic acid, Acta Scientiarum
Because of the difficulty of and length of time required for mate seed germination (CUQUEL et al, 1994), as well as the pressing need for the clonal multiplication (SANSBERRO et al, 1999) of Maringá, v. 35, n. 1, p. 117-125, Jan.-Mar., 2013 improved genetic material (WENDLING et al, 2007), much research has been conducted in the field of in vitro and ex vitro propagation to obtain rooted cuttings more quickly and with better physiologic quality
Successful cloning is possible for juvenile material; similar to many other woody species, mature tissues show a low morphogenetic potential, which makes it difficult to clone mature trees by rooting cuttings or using in vitro techniques (TARRAGÓ et al, 2005)
Summary
Because of the difficulty of and length of time required for mate seed germination (CUQUEL et al, 1994), as well as the pressing need for the clonal multiplication (SANSBERRO et al, 1999) of Maringá, v. Successful cloning is possible for juvenile material; similar to many other woody species, mature tissues show a low morphogenetic potential, which makes it difficult to clone mature trees by rooting cuttings or using in vitro techniques (TARRAGÓ et al, 2005). To clone forest trees, physiologically juvenile epicormic sprouts on the base of the tree are required or need to be inducted by rejuvenation with special techniques to rescue the rooting and growing capacity of the tree (HARTMANN et al, 2011)
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