Vegetation duration and productivity of common bean varieties in the southern part of the western Forest-steppe

Abstract

The industrial cultivation of beans is predertmined by economic and agronomic attractiveness of the crop. However, the selection of varieties is among the main components of technology, which determine the growth of efciency of beans production. The maximum level of cultivars' potential realization largely depends on the duration of the interphase and vegetation periods of common beans. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the duration of the growing season and grain productivity of common beans, depending on varietal characteristics and seed inoculation. According to the research results, it was found that on the control (bean variety Bukovynka without seed inoculation) the duration of the growing season was 87 days. The growing season was shorter in varieties Halaktyka and Slaviia – 80 and 84 days, respectively. The growing season for varieties Nata and Otrada was longer than the control cultivar Bukovynka – 89 and 92 days, respectively. And the longest growing season for the control fertilization was in the Ros variety – 94 days. Seed inoculation with Rizoaktiv continued the duration of the growing season of the bean variety Slaviia for one day, Bukovynka, Ros, Nata for two days, Otrada for three days. Yield is the most important property of a variety. In our studies, the yield of beans increases from 0.65 to 2.87 t/ha, depending on the weather conditions of the year of cultivation, varietal characteristics and pre-sowing inoculation of seeds. The highest increase in grain yield from seed inoculation was obtained in 2018, which was more favorable in terms of moisture. Thus, the largest increase in grain yield from the use of Rizoactive was provided by the varieties Halaktyka (0.14 t/ha or 5.7 %), Ros (0.15 t/ha or 5.5 %) and Otrada (0.22 t/ha or 7.7 %). On average, according to the results of research conducted in 2018–2020, it was found that inoculation of bean seeds with Rizoactive, depending on the variety, provided an increase in grain yield from 2.4 to 6.7 %. For three years of research, the maximum seed yield was observed in Otrada 2.60 t/ha, slightly lower in Nata 2.50 t/ha and Ros 2.40 t/ha, which was obtained by seed treatment with the bacterial preparation Rizoaktiv. Key words: common beans, variety, vegetation periods, Ryzoaktyv, grain yield.