Abstract
It is confirmed that China has been greening over the last two decades. Such greening and its driving factors are therefore significant for understanding the relationship between vegetation and environments. However, studies on vegetation changes and attribution analyses at the national scale are limited in China after 2000. In this study, fractional vegetation cover (FVC) data from Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) was used to detect vegetation change trends from 2001 to 2018, and the effects of CO2, temperature, shortwave radiation, precipitation, and land cover change (LCC) on FVC changes were quantified using generalized linear models (GLM). The results showed that (1) FVC in China increased by 14% from 2001 to 2018 with a greening rate of approximately 0.0019/year (p < 0.01), which showed an apparent greening trend. (2) On the whole, CO2, climate-related factors, and LCC accounted for 88% of FVC changes in China, and the drivers explained 82%, 89%, 90%, and 89% of the FVC changes in the Qinghai–Tibet region, northwest region, northern region, and southern region, respectively. CO2 was the major driving factor for FVC changes, accounting for 31% of FVC changes in China, indicating that CO2 was an essential factor in vegetation growth research. (3) The statistical results of pixels with land cover changes showed that LCC explained 12% of FVC changes, LCC has played a relatively important role and this phenomenon may be related to the ecological restoration projects. This study enriches the study of vegetation changes and its driving factors, and quantitatively describes the response relationship between vegetation and its driving factors. The results have an important significance for adjusting terrestrial ecosystem services.
Highlights
Understanding the relationship between CO2, climate change, land cover change (LCC), and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) is critical for ecosystem conservation
We used generalized linear models (GLM) to quantitatively assess the contributions of different factors such as CO2, mean precipitation, mean temperature, mean shortwave radiation and LCC on FVC changes
We found the following: (1) FVC in China increased by 14% from 2001 to 2018 with a greening rate of approximately 0.0019/year (p < 0.01), which showing an apparent greening trend
Summary
Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) was essential for characterizing vegetation [1,2,3], which is originally defined as the ratio of the vertical projected area of green vegetation on the ground [4], and vegetation in China shows a pronounced greening trend after 2000 [5]. Factors affecting the FVC change include CO2 , precipitation, temperature, shortwave radiation and land cover change (LCC), evaluating the impact and contribution of these factors has been becoming one of the research hotspots. Some research results have shown that climate-related factors (e.g., precipitation, temperature, and radiation) provided favorable hydrothermal conditions for vegetation growth [6,7,8].
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