Abstract
BackgroundOxidative stress is involved in cardiovascular disease such as peripheral artery disease (PAD). Vascular Peroxidase 1 (VPO1), a novel heme-containing peroxidase mainly expressed in the cardiovascular system, aggravates oxidative stress. Evidence in humans is limited. Current work aims to measure VPO1 in patients suffering from PAD, and to evaluate the association of VPO1 with conventional markers of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), including the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria categories.MethodsThis study is part of a longitudinal observational study. At baseline, 236 PAD-patients were included. VPO1 plasma levels (ng/mL) were measured by commercially available ELISA kits. A two-sided p level of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn the cross-sectional analysis (n = 236), VPO1 associated with ageing (p = 0.035) as well as with eGFR and albuminuria category, the markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-progression (p = 0.042). The longitudinal 18-months follow-up analysis (n = 152) demonstrated that baseline VPO1 predicts rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) (n = 49), defined as more than − 3 mL/min/1.73m2 eGFR loss per year, (OR per one SD VPO1 1.60 (1.11–2.30); p = 0.009). This association between VPO1 and kidney function withstood the multivariable adjustment for traditional CVRF including baseline eGFR and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), (adjOR per one SD VPO1 1.73 (1.14–2.61); p = 0.046).ConclusionThis study is first to reveal that VPO1 is independently associated with declining kidney function in patients with PAD. VPO1 shows a tighter association to kidney function than to other CVRF. This finding points to VPO1 as a potential target protein to assess CKD-progression.
Highlights
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the most common initial presentations of cardiovascular disease diagnosed in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [1]
This work is aimed at exploring the association of Vascular Peroxidase 1 (VPO1) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) that are present in peripheral artery disease (PAD), an occurrence of cardiovascular disease
VPO1 was evenly distributed between T2DM and without T2DM (2.02 ± 0.88 ng/ mL, n = 111 vs. 1.97 ± 0.86 ng/mL, n = 125; p = 0.625)
Summary
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the most common initial presentations of cardiovascular disease diagnosed in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [1]. VPO1 is primarily expressed in the vascular wall, both in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and secreted into the blood stream [8] This peroxidase aggravates oxidative stress through utilizing hydrogen peroxide to produce hypohalous acids [9]. Current work aims to measure VPO1 in patients suffering from PAD, and to evaluate the association of VPO1 with conventional markers of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), including the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria categories. The longitudinal 18-months follow-up analysis (n = 152) demonstrated that baseline VPO1 predicts rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) (n = 49), defined as more than − 3 mL/min/1.73m2 eGFR loss per year, (OR per one SD VPO1 1.60 (1.11–2.30); p = 0.009). This finding points to VPO1 as a potential target protein to assess CKD-progression
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