Vascular Foramina of Dry Human Talus: A Morphological Study.

Abstract

Background The talus is the second largest tarsal bone and makes the osseous link between the leg and foot region.The branches of thedorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries enter vascular foramina (VF) on the various surfaces of the talus and provide intraosseous blood supply. Understanding the morphology and morphometry of VFmight be helpful in reducing the risk of vascular injury associated with surgical interventions to the talus. Aim and objectives The purpose of this study is to contribute reference data for the morphology of VFof talus in a sample from Türkiye. Materials and methods This study was performed on 62 dry talussamples from Türkiye.The number, location, size, and foraminal index of the VF were evaluated on each talus. The total and medial surface lengths, distances of the closest and furthest foramina on the inferior surface, and distances of the closest and furthest foramina on medial surface were measured. Results No VF was detected on articular surfaces and the head of the talus. The majority ofVF (1754; 81.17%)were detected on the neck, and 708 (40.36%) were located on the inferior surface of the neck. On the body, VF was mostly detected on the medial surface (233; 57.25%). The mean foraminal indices of the closest and furthest foramina on the inferior surface were 38.85%and 77.89%, respectively. The mean foraminal index of the closest foramina on the medial surface was 33.52%, and the furthest foramina on the medial surface was 63.91%. The total number of VF on 62 tali was determined as 2161. The majority (1521; 70.38%) of the size of VF was ≥0.6 mm. The mean total length was55.14±4.69 mm, and the medial surface lengthwas 49.18±4.18 mm. Conclusion Knowing the morphologic and morphometric properties of the VF gains importance during surgical interventions to the talus to reducevascular damage. According to our results, lateral approaches to the talus may be safer than other approaches. To our knowledge, there is no study about the morphology of VF of the talus in Türkiye samples.We believe thatthe results of this study will provide reference data for morphology and morphometry of VF of talus.