Various Methods for Synthesis of Bulk and Nano Thallium(III) Oxide

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Thallium(III) oxide, a degenerate n-type semiconductor, is a highly insoluble thermally stable thallium source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. Although thallium oxide is an important metal oxide, its synthesis has only been sporadically studied. This review gives an overview of all reported synthetic routes for the preparation of both bulk and nanostructured thallium(III) oxide. These methods include electrochemical methods, thermal method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), microwave irradiation, sol–gel method and one recently chemical route using potassium superoxide. In electrochemical methods, both bulk and nanostructures of thallium(III) oxide can be prepared and the amount of the deposited material, thickness of the layer or wires length depends on the deposition time matrix structure. Thermal methods are simple and effective techniques which include thermal decomposition and calcination of various precursors. By CVD and microwave irradiation we be able to synthesis bulk and nanostructures of thallium(III) oxide, respectively. A one-step, room temperature, solution synthesis of thallium(III) oxide nanoparticles with a size of about 10 nm is reported by using potassium superoxide.