Abstract
The disease syndrome caused by Waitea circinata, a soil-borne pathogen introduced in the past decade into Carpathian basin, visually indistinguishable of those caused by various Rhizoctonia strains in diverse host plant. Dicotyledonaceous species in general proved to be more tolerant to this new pathogen than monotyledonaceous ones. This mesophilic fungus can seriously damage cereals. The barley varieties, similarly to other plants, exhibited highly different individual reaction to soil borne infection, Bivoy being the most while Maresi the less tolerant among the 9 tested varieties. Two groups could be separated on the base of their response to Rhizoctonia; Jubilant, Bivoy, Pasadena formed one group being moderately tolerant and Anabell, Scarlett, Rex and Omega the other group of more susceptibles. Three significant factors influence on the virulence of Rhizoctonia strains comprised 62% of total variation.
Highlights
Farmers in temperate zone paid little attention to field damage caused by soil-borne Rhizoctonia infection in cereals, because either seed-borne or air-borne fungi infecting stem, leaves and spikelets had been the main constrains of yield
The susceptibility of test plants varied within large limits (Table 1), and low correlation was revealed between responses to R. zeae and R. solani strains by means of multiple correlation
The gene center of barley was most probably in Levant (Gyulai, 2004), and nowadays the most diverse group of Rhizoctonias was found in this area: strains of five anastomosis groups of Thanatephorus cucumeris and two pathotypes of W. circinata were isolated of barley in East Turkey (Demirci, 1998)
Summary
Farmers in temperate zone paid little attention to field damage caused by soil-borne Rhizoctonia infection in cereals, because either seed-borne or air-borne fungi (rust, mildew, smut etc.) infecting stem, leaves and spikelets had been the main constrains of yield. Due to success in breading and arise new synthetic fungicides, these fungi presently do not cause catastrophic yield losses. In the last two decades increasing number of papers was published on yield losses (30% to 70%) caused by Rhizoctonia species in main cereal cultivating areas (Dorofeyeva et al, 1996; Oros et al, 2013). In South Eastern Hungary damage by the R. cerealis and R. solani has been observed (Simay, 1998; Kövics and Lőrinc, 2001). In August 2002, brown patches were observed on turf grasses in Budapest (Vajna and Oros, 2005).
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