Abstract
The variations in vegetation and surface water body sizes play a huge role in the central region of Iraq, which includes three lakes: Al-Tharthar, Al Habbaniyah and Al-Razzaza Lakes. Several temporal satellite images Landsat TM (1990, 2000 and 2007), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and supervised classification technique were utilized. The current research herein aims to investigate, evaluate and map the changes of vegetation and surface water bodies throughout the period of time for the study area, to know and explain the influential factors for these environmental changes. The final results would help the authorities for assessment and environmental management. The results showed a significant gap in the environmental variations in the study area from 1990 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2007. The period from 1990 to 2000 showed the highest vegetation cover difference. The year 2007 showed the highest vegetation re-growth. The total water surface area of the three lakes decreased for the years 1990, 2000 and 2007. The surface water area percentages of all three lakes in August of 1990, 2000 and 2007 were about 10.6%, 2.5% and 7.6% respectively. The highest water surface area was in 1990.
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