Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is considered a profitable crop that possesses medicinal properties, because of its flavonoid compounds. However, the dehulling issue is becoming the bottleneck for consumption of Tartary buckwheat seed. In this study, we investigated the relation between dehulling efficiency and content of lignin and cellulose in the seed hull. Moreover, the untargeted metabolomics analysis, including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were performed to examine the pattern of metabolic changes in the hull of Tartary buckwheat seeds, XQ 1 and MQ 1, during seed development using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In mature seed hull the accumulation of highest lignin and lowest cellulose were observed in the hull of MQ 1 seed, a dehulling-friendly variety with highest dehulling efficiency (93%), than that in other dehulling recalcitrant varieties, such as XQ 1 with a range of dehulling efficiency from 2% to 6%. During seed development, the total content of lignin and cellulose increased. MQ 1 and XQ 1 displayed a similar trend in the change of lignin and cellulose that the content was decreased in lignin and increased in cellulose. PCA result showed the metabolic differentiations between MQ 1 and XQ 1 during seed development. The results of our study suggest the compensatory regulation of lignin and cellulose deposition in the hull of mature and developing seed, and deviation of MQ 1 from the ratio of lignin to cellulose of other dehulling recalcitrant varieties may have been a contributing factor that resulted in the dehulling differentia.
Highlights
Buckwheat, which belongs to the Polygonaceae family, is a dicotyledonous crop and mainly grows in Russia and China [1]
With the aim of determining the dehulling efficiency of Tartary buckwheat seeds, different varieties were tested in this study
Miqiao 1 (MQ 1) showed the notable highest dehulling efficiency (93%) in comparison with other varieties (Figure 1)
Summary
Buckwheat, which belongs to the Polygonaceae family, is a dicotyledonous crop and mainly grows in Russia and China [1]. Similar content in crude fibre on average of 2.30% was observed in the Tartary and Common buckwheat flour [3]. The rutin, as the main components of flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat, accounted for around 85% of total antioxidative activity [5,6]. Flavonoids were detected in all the plant organs of both Tartary and common buckwheat, including sprouts, seeds and seed hull [7,8]. Tartary buckwheat is attracting more research focus, because it tends to have higher contents of the specific bioactive component than common buckwheat [12,13], and shows higher antioxidant capacity than common buckwheat [14]. Epidemiological researches showed that Tartary buckwheat, as a significant part of the diet of people in the mountainous Liangshan region of Sichuan Province, China, reduced the occurrence of diabetes and hypertension [16]
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