Abstract
We introduce a method to investigate the static and dynamic properties of both Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge models in 1+1 dimensions. Specifically, we identify a set of transformations that disentangle different degrees of freedom, and apply a simple Gaussian variational ansatz to the resulting Hamiltonian. To demonstrate the suitability of the method, we analyze both static and dynamic aspects of string breaking for the U(1) and SU(2) gauge models. We benchmark our results against tensor network simulations and observe excellent agreement, although the number of variational parameters in the Gaussian ansatz is much smaller.
Highlights
Gauge theories lie at the basis of our fundamental understanding of nature
Afterwards we show how the gauge field can be decoupled for systems with open boundary conditions (OBC) and discuss how to apply the variational method to the resulting formulation in Sec
We study the dynamical aspects of the string-breaking phenomenon using the nonGaussian ansatz from Eq (34)
Summary
Gauge theories lie at the basis of our fundamental understanding of nature. Quantum electrodynamics (QED) describes the interactions of electrons and positrons with the electromagnetic field and is based on the U(1) gauge symmetry group. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) accounts for the strong interaction between quarks and gluons and is based on the SU(3) gauge group. Those theories are roots of the standard model, that comprises our current understanding of particle physics. A very powerful framework to address nonperturbative regimes is lattice gauge theory (LGT) [2,3] where space (and time) is discretized. In such a theory the fermionic (matter) degrees of freedom reside in the sites of a cubic lattice, the bosonic (gauge) ones in the links, and they interact with each other in a gauge invariant way. Monte Carlo methods [4,5,6] have
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