Variation in tree growth sensitivity to moisture across a water-limited forest landscape

Abstract

Water availability acts as a major constraint on productivity in many sub-humid forest regions. Precipitation can be an important limiting factor for tree growth in such areas, but the strength of the relationship can vary by habitat and species, as well as with tree size and local hydrology. We quantified the influence of past weather conditions on the growth of two conifer species (Pinus contorta and Picea glauca) across a water-limited forest landscape in western Canada. The two species differ in moisture requirements and are segregated across a local elevational gradient, and so we expected them to exhibit different sensitivities to precipitation. We also expected that larger trees and those more distant from creeks would have a stronger response to precipitation. A hierarchical Bayesian model fit to the annual ring widths of 387 trees showed that historical precipitation from 1951 to 2016 had a positive overall effect on radial growth. The magnitude of precipitation effects on radial tree growth varied with creek proximity (a proxy for the soil moisture provided by an elevated water table in the valley bottom) and tree size. Precipitation had a greater positive influence on the growth of larger P. glauca trees, as well as individuals of both species at far and intermediate distances from creeks. Precipitation had a weaker but still positive effect on P. glauca trees growing close to creeks. Tree growth rates may change with the predicted greater inter-annual variability of precipitation under climate change, but the magnitude of these responses appear to vary by species, size, and creek proximity. Overall changes in tree growth are expected to be relatively small as trees are well-adapted to cope with the variation in water availability across a moisture-limited landscape.