Variation in the Effect of Particulate Matter on Pulmonary Function in Schoolchildren in Western Japan and Its Relation with Interleukin-8.

Masanari Watanabe,Mitsuo Oshimura,Hiroyuki Sano,Yutaka Kimura,Hiroya Kitano,Jun Kurai,Rumiko Saito,Setsuya Aiba,Hisashi Noma,Eiji Shimizu

doi:10.3390/ijerph121114229

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of particulate matter (PM) on pulmonary function in schoolchildren, as well as the relationships of these effects with interleukin-8. Morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured daily in 399 children during April–May 2012, and in 384 of these children during March–May 2013. PEF’s association with the daily levels of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and PM < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was estimated using a linear mixed model. Interleukin-8 promoter activity was assessed in THP-G8 cells stimulated by fallen PM collected at Tottori University Hospital during four periods (two in 2012 and two in 2013). An increase of 14.0 μg/m3 in SPM led to PEF changes of −2.16 L/min in 2012 and −0.81 L/min in 2013, respectively. An increment of 10.7 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with PEF changes of −2.58 L/min in 2012 and −0.55 L/min in 2013, respectively. These associations were only significant in 2012. Interleukin-8 promoter activity was significantly higher in both periods of 2012 than in 2013. There was a significant association between pulmonary function in schoolchildren and daily levels of SPM and PM2.5, but this association may differ depending on the PM’s ability to elicit interleukin-8 production.

Highlights

Particulate matter (PM) is an important component of ambient air pollution
PM2.5 was negatively associated with the peak expiratory flow (PEF) value, with a 10.7 μg/m3 increase in
In 2013, there was no significant association between the PEF value and either suspended particulate matter (SPM) or PM2.5 for the total study cohort or for children without asthma

Summary

Introduction

Particulate matter (PM) is an important component of ambient air pollution. It is categorized based on particle size as PM10, PM2.5, or PM0.5, which represent median aerodynamic diameters of less than10, 2.5, and 0.5 μm, respectively. Particulate matter (PM) is an important component of ambient air pollution. It is categorized based on particle size as PM10, PM2.5, or PM0.5, which represent median aerodynamic diameters of less than. Numerous epidemiological research studies have demonstrated that exposure to PM correlates with human health risks [1,2]. Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated significant associations between PM and pulmonary function in children [5]. Short-term exposures to PM can reduce pulmonary function and increase respiratory symptoms, especially among children with respiratory diseases [6,7]. A European multicenter study of asthmatic children failed to detect any consistent relationship between PM and short-term health effects, despite the wide ranges of climatic conditions and pollutant mixtures that were encountered across the sites [10]

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