Abstract
Considering the need for reduction in insecticide use, we studied the potential for antibiosis and the potential for antixenosis in seven highly yielding winter Brassica napus L. cultivars against Myzus persicae (Sulz.). We found evidence for antixenosis, i.e., disruption in probing in non-phloem tissues and a failure in reaching sieve elements in cultivar ‘Alister’. We found evidence for antibiosis, i.e., reduced ability of the plant to serve as a host, in cultivar ‘Florida’. On ‘Alister’ and ‘Florida’, net reproduction and reproductive period duration of M. persicae were the lowest of all studied cultivars. ‘Adriana’, ‘Andromeda’, ‘Gladius’, and ‘Kolumb’ are intermediately susceptible to M. persicae infestation with medium values of net reproduction and reproduction period duration, and slight disturbances in aphid probing and feeding. ‘Artoga’ is highly susceptible. On ‘Artoga’, reproduction period was the longest, daily fecundity and net reproduction of M. persicae were highest, and probing and feeding behaviors were unaltered. Glucoallysin, glucobrassicanapin, gluconapin, gluconapoliferin, progoitrin, glucobrassicin, and 4-OH-glucobrassicin occurred in the leaves of all rapeseed cultivars in similar quantities and proportions and did not affect aphid performance and phloem sap ingestion by M. persicae.
Highlights
Oilseed rape Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) is one of the most cultivated and profitable crops worldwide due to its rising significance in food and feed production, industry, energy generation, and environmental protection (Ackman 1990; Jang et al 2011; Nosenko et al 2014; Jankowski et al 2015a, b; FAOSTAT 2018)
Considering the recurring autumn outbreaks of M. persicae in winter oilseed rape, the risk of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) infection and the lack of literature data on potential resistance mechanisms against M. persicae in rapeseed, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the susceptibility of several popular and highly yielding winter B. napus cultivars to M. persicae at vegetative growth stage (2–3 leaves unfolded) that represents the early autumn phase of B. napus winter cultivars development
The differences in aphid probing behavior observed in the present study indicate the existence of antixenosis mechanisms in certain oilseed rape cultivars
Summary
Oilseed rape Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) is one of the most cultivated and profitable crops worldwide due to its rising significance in food and feed production, industry, energy generation, and environmental protection (Ackman 1990; Jang et al 2011; Nosenko et al 2014; Jankowski et al 2015a, b; FAOSTAT 2018). In addition to plant nutrient removal by feeding on phloem sap, M. persicae transmits more than 100 plant viruses, including the persistent Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) (Stevens et al 2008; Ekbom 2010; Nooh 2012; Blackman and Eastop 2017). Warmer conditions due to climate change will encourage the survival and multiplication of M. persicae throughout the winter (Cocu et al 2005), which may lead to extensive spread of TuYV in the following spring (Stevens et al 2008). High infestations by M. persicae and TuYV infections occurred in oilseed rape in Poland and other European countries in the autumn seasons of 2016, 2017 and 2018 (Limagrain Central Europe 2018)
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