Abstract
A total of 851 bacterial isolates from the xylem sap of grapevines grown in Nova Scotia, Canada, were purified and screened for <i>in vitro</i> antagonistic activity against a range of tumorigenic <i>A. tumefaciens</i> biovar 3 strains (<i>A. vitis</i>). Despite vagaries noted in performing <i>in vitro</i> antibiosis, 24 strains were catalogued as having a strong inhibitory effect on <i>A. vitis</i>. Biolog plates identified this collection of 24 as 35% <i>Enterobacter agglomerans</i>, 30% <i>Rahnella aquatilis</i>, and 35% <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. Soil microcosm studies with a <i>xylE</i> marked <i>A. vitis</i> strain showed that one of these endophytes (an isolate of <i>P. corrugata</i>) was able to control population numbers of the agrobacteria <i>in situ. In planta</i> trials with <i>V. vinifera</i> cv. Chardonnay, where less than 47% of the positive control treatment produced galled vines, demonstrated significant biocontrol of the disease by three of the endophytes. Trials with Gewürztraminer vines, with a successful infection of > 88% with the positive control, showed no biocontrol. Experiments attempting to introduce three of the most inhibitory endophytes into Gewürztraminer vines also failed. However, it was possible to introduce the virulent <i>A. vitis</i> strain CG64 into these vines by applying bacterial suspension to unwounded stems.
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