Abstract
BackgroundSalivaricins are bacteriocins produced by Streptococcus salivarius, some strains of which can have significant probiotic effects. S. salivarius strains were isolated from Malaysian subjects showing variable antimicrobial activity, metabolic profile, antibiotic susceptibility and lantibiotic production.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this study we report new S. salivarius strains isolated from Malaysian subjects with potential as probiotics. Safety assessment of these strains included their antibiotic susceptibility and metabolic profiles. Genome sequencing using Illumina’s MiSeq system was performed for both strains NU10 and YU10 and demonstrating the absence of any known streptococcal virulence determinants indicating that these strains are safe for subsequent use as probiotics. Strain NU10 was found to harbour genes encoding salivaricins A and 9 while strain YU10 was shown to harbour genes encoding salivaricins A3, G32, streptin and slnA1 lantibiotic-like protein. Strain GT2 was shown to harbour genes encoding a large non-lantibiotic bacteriocin (salivaricin-MPS). A new medium for maximum biomass production buffered with 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) was developed and showed better biomass accumulation compared with other commercial media. Furthermore, we extracted and purified salivaricin 9 (by strain NU10) and salivaricin G32 (by strain YU10) from S. salivarius cells grown aerobically in this medium. In addition to bacteriocin production, S. salivarius strains produced levan-sucrase which was detected by a specific ESI-LC-MS/MS method which indicates additional health benefits from the developed strains.ConclusionThe current study established the bacteriocin, levan-sucrase production and basic safety features of S. salivarius strains isolated from healthy Malaysian subjects demonstrating their potential for use as probiotics. A new bacteriocin-production medium was developed with potential scale up application for pharmaceuticals and probiotics from S. salivarius generating different lantibiotics. This is relevant for the clinical management of oral cavity and upper respiratory tract in the human population.
Highlights
Bacteriocin or bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) are peptide molecules produced by Gram-positive bacteria and some genera of Gram negative bacteria [1,2,3]
The current study established the bacteriocin, levan-sucrase production and basic safety features of S. salivarius strains isolated from healthy Malaysian subjects demonstrating their potential for use as probiotics
A new bacteriocinproduction medium was developed with potential scale up application for pharmaceuticals and probiotics from S. salivarius generating different lantibiotics
Summary
Bacteriocin or bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) are peptide molecules produced by Gram-positive bacteria and some genera of Gram negative bacteria [1,2,3]. Lactic acid bacteria are generally considered to be non-pathogenic (with some exceptions such as Streptococcus mutans which causes dental caries) and can produce different kinds of bacteriocins such as nisin produced by Lactococcus lactis [4,5,6,7], plantaricins produced by Lactobacillus plantarum [8,9,10], mutacins produced by Streptococcus mutans [11–. 15] and salivaricins produced by Streptococcus salivarius [16,17,18,19,20]. Some strains of S. salivarius such as strains K12 and M18 are being used as probiotics worldwide due to their capability to produce different kinds of bacteriocins called lantibiotics +++ (+)H ++ +. Salivaricins are bacteriocins produced by Streptococcus salivarius, some strains of which can have significant probiotic effects. S. salivarius strains were isolated from Malaysian subjects showing variable antimicrobial activity, metabolic profile, antibiotic susceptibility and lantibiotic production
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