Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the variability in the distribution of the root system among genotypes of C. canephora cv. Conilon and indicate management strategies for a more efficient mineral fertilization. Root distribution was evaluated in six genotypes. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications. Soil monoliths measuring about 27 cm3 were collected at six different soil depths, at three row distances and nine distances of inter-row planting. The collections were carried out in one plant of each repetition. In total, 1296 samples were evaluated. The roots were washed, digitized and processed to quantify length density, volume, surface area and diameter. The distribution of the root system was characterized using semivariograms. It was observed that the highest concentration of roots occurred in the distances close to the irrigation drippers. There was variation in the distribution of the root system among the genotypes. However, in general, the root system is concentrated at a depth of 0 to 20 cm in the soil, at distances up to 50 cm in the planting row and up to 60 cm in inter-rows. Therefore, the greatest efficiency in nutritional management can be achieved by applying fertilizers within a radius of 50 cm around the plant.
Highlights
The Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora species are widely cultivated in the tropical region.The production and trade basis of coffee, one of the main commodity products on the international scene, is considered in this study
The spatial dependence index (SDI) was less than 25% for all variables studied within the genotype groups (Table 2), indicating a high degree of spatial dependence
The genotypes were grouped differently in relation to the actual study, where we grouped the genotypes according to their root system distribution, which resulted in three distinct groups
Summary
The Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora species are widely cultivated in the tropical region.The production and trade basis of coffee, one of the main commodity products on the international scene, is considered in this study. The C. canephora species is diploid (2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes), allogamous and self-incompatible, with self-incompatibility controlled by the S. allele These characteristics promote high heterogeneity in natural coffee fields of seminal origin [3,4]. Despite exhibiting some genotype dependency, the Conilon coffee cultivar stands out in the world scenario mainly for its robustness and ability to acclimate to different environmental constraints [5–8]. This species is expected to have some capability to endure the ongoing and future climate changes, largely associated with a more frequent exposure to abiotic stress, namely, to unfavorable temperature and water availability conditions, which are the main constraints for this crop’s sustainability [9]
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