VARIABILITY OF ECONOMIC VALUE CHARACTERS IN COMMON VARIETIES OF HAZELNUT IN THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION

Abstract

The frost-free period according to average long-term data lasts 170-180 days. The average date of termination of the last spring and the beginning of the first autumn frosts falls on April 18 and October 16, respectively. The deadlines for the earliest and latest cessation of spring frosts are March 23 and May 12, and the beginning of autumn frosts is September 20 and November 12. Thus, the duration of the frost-free period can vary from 146 to 215 days, which significantly affects the reduction of growth processes or freezing of young shoots and fruit buds. the optimal year for the vegetation period was 2019. The year 2020 was very unfortunate for all fruit crops, because it was accompanied by freezing of all types of buds, which did not contribute to the formation of the crop properly and delayed the formation of first-wave shoots for a decade in both varieties. Observing the severely frozen bushes, they noted the lag in leaf growth and the absence of shoots of the first wave, which means the weak development of earrings, which begin to form in June. This state of development will complicate the pollination of the next crop. The development of female buds was noted on the shoots of the second wave, which should give the expected harvest for 2021 when creating conditions for pollination. It should be noted that on some bushes young shoots did not recover, and very frozen parts dried up by mid-summer. In the future, it is necessary to provide smoking and other methods of insulation to prevent damage from late frosts. According to the amount of precipitation, the experimental field belongs to the zone of sufficient moisture. During the year, precipitation is distributed according to average long-term data, the amount of precipitation that falls in winter is only 17% of the annual amount, in spring and autumn 23% and in summer 37%. Therefore, for effective disclosure of the potential of varieties, drip irrigation was carried out, which makes it possible to increase the return on investment. When laying the fields, we decided on the formation of a bush with three to six productive branches placed in a circle. During the vegetation of the third year, 1-2 one-year shoots are formed for future replacement. After flowering, each bush is carefully inspected, patients are pruned, which are intertwined, which allows you to light well and not be affected by powdery mildew. The condition of the bushes for the third year of the growing season is good according to all expectations from the varietal characteristics. Keywords: hazelnuts, varieties, frost resistance, productivity, diseases