Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains many high-value nutritional compounds, including nutraceutical lipid compounds that offer health benefits. An understanding of the genetic variability in the lipid contents of different rice germplasms is necessary to support breeding programs. The goals of this study were: i) to investigate varietal differences in levels of the nutraceutical lipid α-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol, campesterol, β-sitosterol, octacosanol, and squalene and ii) to identify clusters of rice germplasms based on their lipid contents. Eighty-three indica rice subspecies were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Research was conducted in Thailand during the 2016 rice-growing season. Significant differences were found among genotypes across all traits. The largest variation was found for β-sitosterol, followed by campesterol, octacosanol, and α-tocopherol. Variation in squalene content was small. Four principal components were found that accounted for 93.47% of overall variability. β-sitosterol, campesterol, and squalene were the principal discriminatory constituents. No significant correlation was found between color parameters and levels of these compounds, suggesting that former are of little use as an indirect marker for selection of fat-soluble nutraceuticals. Cluster analysis sorted the germplasm into nine clusters, based on their nutraceutical lipid content. TU-010, TU-027, TU-093, and TU-244 genotypes had the highest levels, making them a potentially useful genetic resource in breeding programs for nutraceutically-improved rice. The findings of this study can support the introduction of novel rice varieties with high added-value bioactive properties.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the largest cause of global deaths, accounting for an estimated17.5 million deaths in 2012
Descriptive statistics for the α-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol, campesterol, β-sitosterol, octacosanol, and squalene contents of the rice germplasm are shown in Table 1 and Supplementary
Wide variation was observed in the campesterol and β-sitosterol content, with respective ranges from 495 to 6699 μg/g of dry weight and from 470 to 40,035 μg/g of dry weight (Figure 1C,D)
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the largest cause of global deaths, accounting for an estimated. This group includes hypertension, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, arrhythmias and valvular heart disease, coagulopathies, and strokes. The percentage of premature deaths attributed to CVDs ranges from 4% in high-income countries to 42% in low-income countries, reflecting inequalities between countries and populations [1]. Consumption of whole-grain cereals plays a pivotal role in preventing these chronic diseases and promoting health [2]. Epidemiological studies suggest that the low incidence of certain chronic diseases in rice-consuming regions of the Agronomy 2019, 9, 823; doi:10.3390/agronomy9120823 www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy. As dietary patterns have become more Western-oriented, consumption of rice has been decreasing. Policies that increase rice consumption can contribute to solving the economic problems of rural communities
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
