Genotype by Environment Interaction Effects on Nutraceutical Lipid Compounds of Pigmented Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica)

Bhornchai Harakotr,Khundej Suriharn,Kasidid Prompoh,Kamol Lertrat,Maria Serrano

doi:10.1155/2021/8880487

Bhornchai Harakotr, Khundej Suriharn + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8880487

Copy DOI

Abstract

To identify a rice genotype with a wider or specific adaptability, the magnitude and patterns of genotype interaction with the environment are valuable clues. However, such information on the nutraceutical lipid compound in rice is limited. In this study, concentrations of five pigmented rice genotypes with different lipid compound levels were evaluated for α-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol, phytosterols, octacosanol, and squalene contents. The research was conducted in eight environments (four locations and two years). Combined analysis of variance showed that levels of α-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol, octacosanol, and squalene were mainly affected by genotype, accounting for more than 42.57% of the total variance. This suggests that improvement of these traits may be achieved by using conventional rice breeding methods. A large proportion of the variation in campesterol and β-sitosterol contents was contributed by the environment. The effect of genotype by environment was significant for all observed traits, especially for γ-oryzanol, β-sitosterol, and squalene. This complicates identification of superior genotypes for these compounds across all environments. Stability parameters showed rice genotypes with high levels of nutraceutical lipid compounds to be sensitive to changes in environmental conditions; thus, specific adaptation is suitable. Our findings suggest that rice breeders and producers should be testing and selecting rice genotypes possessing high added-value lipid concentrations in specific growing conditions or regions.

Highlights

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is consumed as a carbohydrate and energy source by over one-half of the world’s population
Five pigmented rice genotypes were selected based on grain morphology and nutraceutical lipid compounds [27]. e newly improved TU-001 rice genotype is popular and broadly cultivated in ailand, whereas other four genotypes (TU-055, TU-153, TU-211, and TU-234) are traditional ai rice landraces (Table 1). ese genotypes were assigned in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and were evaluated at four locations (Pathum ani, Sakon Nakhon, Ubon Ratchathani, and Roi-Et) over two consecutive years. e Pathum ani location was selected because it is the hub of rice production in the central plain of ailand
Soil preparation, planting, and other agronomic practices were controlled uniformly following the recommendations of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for ai rice [28]

Summary

Introduction

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is consumed as a carbohydrate and energy source by over one-half of the world’s population. Rice contains a high level of nutraceutical lipid compounds, such as vitamin E (refers to any of the 8 naturally occurring forms, α, β, c, and δ species of both tocotrienols and tocopherols), c-oryzanol (ferulic acid ester of phytosterols), phytosterols, octacosanol, and squalene [3,4,5,6]. Previous studies reported that pigmented rice has higher nutritive values of micronutrients and important bioactive compounds than nonpigmented rice [10, 12].

Methods

Results

Conclusion