Abstract
The present review covers the environmental availability of vanadium and vanadium’s impact on the life sphere (geo-sphere, atmosphere, marine environments), as well as its potentiality in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, diabetes and bacterial infections. In particular, the following topics are addressed: (1) vanadium in marine environments (halide oxidation by haloperoxidases in the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and by marine bacteria associated with macroalgae; accumulation and redox transformation of vanadium by ascidians and fan worms); (2) the role of vanadium in nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs in the root nodules of legumes, and in liverworts and hornwarts; (3) amavadin in the fly agaric mushroom; (4) vanadium speciation by unicellular organisms (bacteria, protozoa) and adjunctive medicinal applications; (5) the potentiality of vanadium (coordination compounds) in the treatment of diseases such as cancer and diabetes, and bacterial infections.
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