Abstract
The pulse tube refrigerator is inherently reliable since it contains no moving parts at low temperature. However, the performance of a simple pulse tube is typically lower than that of other cryocoolers both in terms of COP and temperature differential per stage. Recent work indicates that the valved pulse tube, otherwise known as the orifice pulse tube, is able to reach much lower temperatures than the simple design, 31 K having been achieved in a two stage device. The addition of the valve and buffer volume subtly alters the heat pumping mechanism in the pulse tube. The valved pulse tube is described and the nature of the heat pumping machine explained. The current status of the device is reviewed.
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