Еvaluation of chemical preparations for apple tree protection against pests according to ecotoxicological indicators

Abstract

The article analyzes the amount of insecticide application in the system of protection of perennial plantations for 2019–2021 and determines the degree of danger of their use and the potential risk of ecotoxicological danger. It has been established that in Ukraine during the year the largest number of chemical preparations based on active substances is introduced by: malathion (2.29 thousand per kg), dimethoate (1.59 thousand per kg), imidacloprid (1.49 thousand per kg), propargite (1.49 thousand per kg) and cypermethrin (1.11 thousand per kg). The highest ecotoxicological risk is determined for such active ingredients as imidacloprid, dimethoate, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, propargite, flupyradifurone, lambda-cyhalothrin, which are the part of preparations Konfidor, SL, Danadym stabilnyi, ЕC, Bi-58 new, е.c., Alfahard 100, ЕC, Fastak, е.c., F’iuri, е.w., Omait 57%, ЕW, Sivanto Praim 200 SL, Ampliho 150 ZC, FC, Enzhio 247 SC, s.с., Karate Zeon 050 СS mк.s. According to the totality of ecotoxicological and sanitary-hygienic indicators such preparations as Bi-58 new, е.c., Danadym stabilnyi, ЕC, Kalipso 480 SC, Movento 100 SС, Oberon Rapid 240 SС, SС, Transform, WG, Fufanon 570, ЕC are classified as low-hazard (Cn 6–7). Dangerous (level 3) include Ampliho 150 ZC, FC, Arrivo, е.c., Enzhio 247 SC, s.с., Karate Zeon 050 СS mк.s., Sivanto Praim 200 SL, F’iuri, е.w. Very dangerous (level 2) ones include Alfahard 100, ЕC, Proteus 110 ОD, Fastak, е.c. According to the set of characteristics of active substances and preparations based on them, indicators of ecotoxicological danger and the degree of danger, it was established that the use of Kalipso 480 SC, Movento 100 SС, Oberon Rapid 240 SС, SС, Transform, WG, Fufanon 570, ЕC preparations, in compliance with the recommended application norms, it poses the least potential danger to the natural environment. The biggest danger in agrobiocenoses of apple trees is the preparations from the class of pyrethroids such as Arrivo, е.c., Karate Zeon 050 СS mк.s., F’iuri, е.w., Fastak, е.c., аnd Alfahard 100, ЕC, Proteus 110 ОD.