Abstract
BackgroundTo assess the relationships between Valsalva- and phenylephrine test-derived measures and outcome in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) receiving comprehensive neurohormonal blockade pharmacotherapy. Methods and ResultsData from 56 patients with HFrEF (mean left ventricle ejection fraction of 32 ± 6%) subjected to Valsalva and phenylephrine tests were analyzed retrospectively. Baroreflex-related (Valsalva-ratio and blood pressure–RR interval slope from phase IV) and non–baroreflex-related measures (systolic blood pressure rise in phase IV [ΔSBPPHASE_IV], and pulse amplitude ratio [PAR]) were calculated from Valsalva. Short-term outcomes (HF-related hospitalization, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock or all-cause death within 24 months from examination) and long-term outcomes (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock or all-cause death within 60 months) were analyzed. The end point occurred in 16 and 18 patients, for the short- and long-term outcomes, respectively. A low ΔSBPPHASE_IV identified patients at risk in the long term, as evidenced by a low vs high ΔSBPPHASE_IV comparison (square-wave response patients assigned to low ΔSBPPHASE_IV group, P = .002), and Cox model (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.86–0.96, P < .001), and tended to identify patients at risk in the short term outcome (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.91–1.00, P = .055). There was a tendency toward a higher event-free survival in the low PAR group (low vs high PAR; hazard ratio 0.44, 95% CI 0.17–1.18, P = .104). ConclusionsNon–baroreflex-related measures obtained from Valsalva—namely, ΔSBPPHASE_IV and PAR—might carry prognostic value in patients with HFrEF receiving neurohormonal blockade pharmacotherapy.
Published Version
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