Abstract
Abstract Solanum viarum Dunal belongs to the Solanaceae family and it is considered to be a grazing weed toxic to cattle. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2) were applied to evaluate the extraction yield and chemical composition of fruits and roots matrices of Solanum viarum Dunal. A hydroalcoholic solution (60% ethanol/40% water, v/v) was the solvent used for UAE. For comparisons, extractions with Soxhlet and maceration were carried out. For SFE-CO2, the highest yield was obtained at 60°C and 250 bar. For UAE, the highest yield was obtained at an ultrasound intensity of 75.11 W/cm2 and pulse cycle of 0.93. The techniques seem to be efficient for the extraction of chemical compounds, indicating a large number of bioactive compounds. The major compounds are 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, quinic acid, octadecenoic acid, and solasodine. The results highlight the application of UAE to recover compounds from vegetal matrices, since it presented higher yields and more chemical constituents when compared with other techniques.
Highlights
Solanum viarum Dunal belongs to the Solanaceae family and is a native plant in South America, known as “juá” or “joá-bravo” in Brazil (Braguini et al, 2018)
The increase in temperature from 40 to 60°C caused a lower yield. This effect is due to solvent density because the increase of pressure increases the density of the supercritical fluid
This study showed that higher temperature and higher pressure presented higher extraction yields for SFE-CO2
Summary
Solanum viarum Dunal belongs to the Solanaceae family and is a native plant in South America, known as “juá” or “joá-bravo” in Brazil (Braguini et al, 2018). It is described as a broad leaf herb, subshrub or shrub (Kausar and Singh, 2018). Studies about the toxicity of S. viarum leaves are described (Braguini et al, 2018) and report interesting chemical constituents such as solasodine, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, 5-caffeoyl, and 3-malonyl-5-caffeoyl-[4-(1-beta-[6-(5-caffeoyl) quinate] glucopyranosyl)] and quinic acid (Kausar and Singh, 2018). Reports about techniques, extraction yield, and chemical characterization of fruits and roots of S. viarum have not been found in the scientific literature up to date, which makes this study extremely important
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