An Ounce of Prevention from a Ton of Tomatoes

Comparison of supercritical CO2 and screw press extraction methods for producing oil from Camellia sinensis var. assamica seeds: Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity

Sequential valorisation of microalgae biomass grown in pig manure treatment photobioreactors

Natural extracts of strawberry guava leaf were obtained using the following techniques: supercritical CO2 extraction (at 14, 17, and 20 MPa and 35, 45, and 55 °C); dynamic maceration with hexane solvent; Soxhlet extraction; ultrasound-assisted extraction (at 40, 50, and 60 °C; 100, 300, and 500 W; 1:10, 15, and 20 g mL−1), and supercritical extraction followed by ultrasound. Yield results were 3.59% for Soxhlet extraction, 2.68% for ultrasound-assisted extraction, 1.46% for ultrasound re-extraction after supercritical extraction, 0.98% for dynamic maceration, and 0.86% for supercritical CO2 extraction. Natural extracts of strawberry guava leaves obtained via supercritical extraction were found to be rich in eudesmol, squalene, and vitamin E, in 11.03, 19.44, and 53.42% percentages, respectively. They also exhibited high antioxidant activity, 26.15 μg mL−1. This result was directly related to the α-tocopherol present in vitamin E.

The effects of the ginger extract obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE) and ginger essential oil (EO) on the quality changes of tilapia fish burger was investigated during refrigerated storage for 8 days. The formulations were compared with a control (without antioxidant) and one with sodium erythorbate (SE). The fish burger pH reduced from 6.7 to 6.5 after 6 days, for all formulations. Products became yellowish after 8 days. SCE and SE showed the lowest Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values at 8 days and had the highest antioxidant activity. Flavor and overall impression of the ginger-containing fish burgers presented the lowest scores, due to the strong ginger flavor. Based on the TBARS results, SE and SCE increased shelf life from 6 to 8 days, compared to control and EO. In conclusion, SCE was effective in controlling lipid oxidation in the fish burger and has the potential to replace synthetic antioxidants. Practical applications Antioxidants are used to extend the shelf life of foods as they can reduce lipid oxidation. Synthetic antioxidants are the most employed in the food industry; however, they present health concerns. Ginger extract obtained by supercritical CO2 and ginger essential oil were applied in tilapia fish burger and compared with sodium erythorbate. Supercritical CO2 extraction is clean technology, uses low temperatures and leaves no residues. Ginger supercritical extract showed high antioxidant activity and controlled the product lipid oxidation. It presents as an alternative to replace commercial antioxidants in meat and fish products.

Supercritical CO2 extraction was used to isolate flavor compounds from angelica root (Angelica archangelica L.). The extractions were conducted at 40°C at pressures ranging from 80–400 bar. The extracts were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. For comparison, flavor compounds were also isolated from angelica root by steam distillation. A total of 76 components were identified and determined quantitatively. α-Pinene, sabinene, myrcene, α-phellandrene, δ-3-carene, p-cymene, β-phellandrene, chrysanthenyl acetate, α-copaene, 15-pentadecanolide, 7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-l-benzopyran-2-one, and a furanocoumarin tentatively identified as oxypeucedanin were among the major volatile components in the supercritical extracts. The total yield of volatiles obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction at various pressures ranged from 0.13–0.55%. The highest yield was obtained at 200 bar, particularly because of the large amount of 7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-l-benzopy...

Extraction of lipids and astaxanthin from crustacean by-products: A review on supercritical CO2 extraction

Fractal characteristics and reactivity evolution of lignite during the upgrading process by supercritical CO2 extraction

Blackcurrants are sources of phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, possessing strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Therefore, the addition of different blackcurrant pomace ingredients may affect the overall meat quality. The actual chemical profile and bioactivities of blackcurrant pomace ingredients may strongly depend on its preparation; for instance, in our study the highest values of the in vitro antioxidant capacity were determined for blackcurrant seeds after supercritical CO2 extraction. Starting from these background conditions, in this work, we evaluated the ability of three different concentrations (namely 1, 3, and 5% w/w) of blackcurrant (BC) seeds following EtOH/water extraction (BC-AE), before supercritical fluid CO2 extraction (BC-RS), and after supercritical fluid CO2 extraction (BC-ASC) to affect different quality parameters of pork meatballs. These latter were stored considering three different time-points, namely 1, 3 and 6 days at 4 °C packed under modified atmosphere (i.e., 70% N2 and 30% CO2). Untargeted metabolomics allowed to identify several lipid and protein-related oxidation products involved in redox reactions, such as 13-L-hydroperoxylinoleic acid, (12S,13S)-epoxylinolenic acid, 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid, glutathione, glutathione disulfide, L-carnosine, l-ascorbic acid, and tocotrienols. Besides, multivariate statistics applied on the metabolomics dataset confirmed that the chemical profile of meatballs was an exclusive combination of both BC inclusion levels and type of BC-ingredients considered. Our findings showed that the higher the concentration of BC seed ingredients in meatballs, the lower the cooking loss and the higher the fibre content. Also, all the ingredients significantly affected the colour parameters.

Supercritical CO2 was used as solvent for the extraction of aucubin from the seeds of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. The co-solvent composition was tested and extraction conditions were optimized. Results showed that the best co-solvent was a water-ethanol mixture (1 + 3, v/v), and the highest yield was obtained when the extraction was performed under 26 MPa at extraction and separation temperatures of 55 and 30 degrees C for 120 min, using 6 mL co-solvent/g material at a CO2 flow rate of 20 L/h. In a comparison of the supercritical CO2 and Soxhlet extraction methods, the Soxhlet method needed 3 h to extract 10 g material, whereas the supercritical CO2 extraction technique needed only 2 h to extract 100 g material, thus showing a high extraction capability. The supercritical CO2 extraction produced a higher yield, with a lower cost for the extraction. Owing to the advantages of low extraction temperature, high yield, and ease of separating the product from the solvent, supercritical CO2 extraction is likely to be developed into an ideal technique for the extraction of aucubin, a compound with thermal instability, from the seeds of this plant.

In this study, we performed supercritical CO2 extraction of oleoresin from Peruvian ginger, focusing on the extraction yield, total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, and contents of gingerol and shogaol. The temperature (40 to 50 °C), pressure (80 to 250 bar), CO2 flow rate (2 and 8 ft3/h) and extraction time (10 to 360 min) were evaluated in three steps. The extraction yield was influenced by the temperature, pressure, flow rate and extraction time. Oleoresin extracts were obtained from 150 to 250 bar. The supercritical extraction conditions selected for the recovery of the oleoresin extract were 50 °C, 250 bar, 8 ft3/h and 360 min, resulting in an extraction yield of 25.99 ± 0.13 mg extracts/g dry basis, a total polyphenol content of 171.65 ± 2.12 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract, an antioxidant capacity expressed as a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.02 ± 0.01 mg extract/mL methanol and a Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) value of 368.14 ± 60.95 mg Trolox/g extract. The contents of gingerols and shogaols in the supercritical extract were 254.71 ± 33.79 mg of 6-gingerol/g extract, 24.46 ± 3.41 mg of 6-shogaol/g extract, 9.63 ± 2.51 mg of 8-gingerol/g extract, 51.01 ± 9.39 mg of 8-shogaol/g extract, 27.47 ± 5.06 mg of 10-gingerol/g extract and 20.11 ± 4.62 mg of 10-shogaol/g extract. There was no reduction in the total polyphenol content or antioxidant capacity according to the IC50 and FRAP assays, under storage conditions of 0 °C, 20 °C and 40 °C after 180 days; this indicates that the oleoresin obtained using supercritical CO2 extraction could be used as an additive in food products.

Sequence of supercritical CO2 extraction and subcritical H2O extraction for the separation of tobacco waste into lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions

In this study, moisture content, free fatty acids, peroxide, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter, saponification value, fatty acid composition and tocopherol contents of wheat germ oil obtained by SC-CO2 extraction and cold press technology were investigated. Moisture, free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter and saponification value of cold press and supercritical CO2 extraction method oils were established as 0.097% and 13.32, 0.84% and 5.9%, 8.9 meq O2/kg and 15.8, 132 and 128, 6.5 g/kg and 8.04 and 197 and 182mg KOH/g, respectively. Major fatty acids of samples were determined as palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. Campesterol and β-stosterols of wheat germ oils obtained by the cold press and supercritical CO2 extraction are the major sterols. The germ oil extracted by both methods contained 24.19% and 23.44 % campesterol and 60.98% and 61.56% β-stosterol, respectively. While germ oil obtained supercritical CO2 extraction contains 50.60% α-tocopherol and 49.39% β-tocopherol, the oil obtained by cold press contained 73.12% α-tocopherol and 26.83% β-tocopherol. Supercritical CO2 extraction is conducted for the process that must be decided whether the pilot or industrial scale. Supercritical CO2 extraction that high oil yield is very high investment costs.

Effects of supercritical CO2 extraction on adsorption characteristics of methane on different types of coals

In this study, the effects of supercritical CO2 extraction and macroporous adsorbent resin on separation and purification of apigenin were compared. A better separation and purification macroporous adsorbent resin was selected according to static adsorption and desorption results. Silica gel column chromatography and LSA-10 macroporous adsorbent resin performed better in the separation and purification procedure. The purity of apigenin could reach 92.8% after separation and purification. The optimal supercritical CO2 extraction conditions of apigenin from Viola yedoensis makino are solid to liquid ratio: 5:3, extraction pressure: 20 MPa, extraction temperature: 55°C, extraction time: 2 h, separation vessel temperature: 55°C, pressure: 9 Mpa, extraction vessel temperature: 40°C and pressure：5 MPa. Supercritical CO2 extraction had a great effect on the separation and purification of apigenin from V. yedoensis makino; the purity could reach 97.6%. Assaying apigenin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the sample volume and peak area of the response have a good linear relationship, r = 0.9996, between 1.58 to 15.80. The results indicated that the procedure of separation and purification of apigenin from V. yedoensis by supercritical CO2 extraction, which is better than that of macroporous adsorbent resin, is suitable for the separation and purification of high purity apigenin.   Key words: Extraction, purification, macroporous adsorbent resin, supercritical CO2 extraction.

Coarse bran and shorts (razmol) are by-products of wheat milling. The important functional and bioactive components of wheat are separated during milling along with the bran and razmol. Supercritical CO2 extraction process is an environmentally friendly application that is used effectively in the recovery of functional and bioactive components. In this study, the functional components of the extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction at different pressures from wheat bran and razmol were investigated and compared. It was found that the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of razmol extracts increased with the increase of applied pressure. It was determined that the total polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the bran extracts increased from 55% to 59% with the increase in pressure, however, there was no significant change in the razmol extracts and it was around 57%. It was observed that the FTIR spectra of the extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction of wheat bran and razmol were similar to the spectra of edible vegetable oils and wheat germ oil. However, in the obtained spectra, it was determined that CO2 peaks occurred at 2357 cm−1 with the application of supercritical CO2 extraction. Apart from this, differences were observed in the fingerprint region due to the fact that the extracts contain different bioactive compounds. The change in pressure applied in supercritical CO2 extraction caused changes in the extract profiles. In addition, in this study, it was determined that bran and razmol extracts were different in terms of extract yield and amount of bioactive components. Practical applications In the milling industry, a significant amount of bran and razmol are separated as by-products. This study provides guidance on the recovery of valuable components from these by-products with an inexpensive and environmentally friendly application. In addition, by revealing the functional properties of the extracts obtained, it helps to evaluate their possible use in the food industry.