Abstract
The consumption of fossil fuel sources and in particular, the emerging lethal issues connected with global warming triggered by consumption of petroleum products have set off dynamic research in finding alternate and eco-friendly energy sources. In this regard, algae are viewed as the most versatile feedstock materials for the development of sustainable power sources and producing green biorefinery. Algae have a high obsession pace of atmospheric carbon dioxide which supports to rapid development rate with high efficiency per unit area as sustainable algal biomass. This review presents an extensive details of the sustainable process of microalgae biomass in biorefinery applications. The pre-treatment strategies and bioconversion of algae biomass into biofuel are also highlighted in this review. A detailed survey was encompassed on different microalgae harvesting techniques, transesterification process and biofuel production. This review further focuses on metabolic engineering methodologies accessible for altering the pathway in algal species for expanding biomass and biofuel production. The present article put forth the modern biotechnology tool to produce biofuel from microalgae biomass. At last, techno-economic analysis, manageability, difficulties and future points of view in algal development and pretreatment process were examined exhaustively for making an environmentally viable algal biofuel.
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