Abstract
This work focused on the phospholipase D-mediated treatment of the waste residue coming from acid degumming, which constitutes the second part of the degumming step in the crude corn edible oil refining process. This industrial process produces a complex by-product (called gum), a mixture containing phospholipids (PLs) whose composition depends on the nature of the oil source. This residue is usually disposed of with the consequential costs and environmental concerns. An efficient multistep protocol of physical separations of the PL-rich fraction from waste gums has been set up, including centrifugation, precipitation and solvent partitioning. This waste stream, which is thoroughly characterized after the concentration process, constitutes a renewable feedstock for the production of value-added PLs with modified polar head-exploiting phospholipase D-mediated biotransformations, which have been successfully performed on this complex natural mixture. The valorization of these waste gums through the production of high value PLs for targeted applications paves the way to a new alternative approach for their disposal, which could be of great interest from a circular economy perspective.
Highlights
In recent years, the demand for new industrial approaches with reduced environmental impact is highly present in political agenda
Three different mixtures enriched in PS, PE and PG, respectively, were prepared from the corn waste gums, through PLD-catalyzed biotransformations
Obtained from the fermentation of Streptomyces netropsis, followed by a careful chromatographic purification in order to obtain purified phosphatidic acid. This product was exploited for the synthesis of phosphatidyl-p-nitrophenol, which constitutes the substrate for a standard laboratory practical assay used for PLD activity determination
Summary
The demand for new industrial approaches with reduced environmental impact is highly present in political agenda In this context, the transformation of waste material, such as biomass, to high value products instead of being disposed of fits perfectly the idea of bioeconomy, as the principle guidelines of the 4R plan (Recover, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) are addressed. Natural PLs can be obtained from animal products, such as milk, egg yolk and krill, and from vegetable sources, such as soybeans, sunflower, corn, peanut, flaxseed, rape (canola) seed and wheatgerm [5,6].
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