Abstract
This paper presents preliminary results on the possibility of incorporating stranded macroalgae into the papermaking process; analyses of the physical-mechanical properties of filter paper, with the addition of stranded macrophytic marine algae from Ulva rigida species obtained previously; results of SEM–EDX analyses of filter paper samples; and results obtained from the filtration of a wastewater from the metallurgical industry, using the improved filter paper samples. In the filter paper recipe, stranded macrophytic seaweed of the species Ulva rigida was added at different percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%, and the addition was calculated in relation to the absolute dry material. The physicomechanical properties analyzed are grammage, thickness, density, moisture, ash content, breaking load, breaking length, tear resistance, bursting resistance, folding endurance, porosity, smoothness, water absorption and Cobb60 index. Additional information related to the homogeneity of the distribution of elements in the paper mass was obtained by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX). The addition of macroalgae to the paper mass improved the strength characteristics of the paper, such as breaking load, breaking length, tearing resistance, folding endurance and water absorption. Following industrial wastewater filtration using filter paper with added seaweed, positive results were obtained in terms of reduction of total Cr, Cu, total Fe and Zn concentrations.
Highlights
When we discuss algae, we discuss a number of reasons why they are indispensable and essential to the aquatic environment and to the global environment; it is worth mentioning that, in addition to producing oxygen, they consume carbon dioxide, form the basis of the aquatic food chain, stabilize sediments and remove pollutants from water sources [1]
Mechanical characteristics considered important for defining the quality of the filter paper with and without the addition of Ulva rigida dry algal biomass
Algae were added in a dose of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% to the absolutely dry material in the composition of a filter paper with a grammage of 80 g/m2
Summary
We discuss a number of reasons why they are indispensable and essential to the aquatic environment and to the global environment; it is worth mentioning that, in addition to producing oxygen, they consume carbon dioxide, form the basis of the aquatic food chain, stabilize sediments and remove pollutants from water sources [1]. Algae are used in various industries, such as food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and biofuels industries. They are mainly used in the food industry, with various species of red and brown algae, from which are extracted alginates, agar and carrageenan [3,4], as well as food additives, stabilizers and gelling agents.
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