Abstract
BackgroundNo resilience scale has been validated in Spanish patients with fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the 10-item CD-RISC in a sample of Spanish patients with fibromyalgia.MethodsDesign: Observational prospective multicenter study. Sample: Patients with diagnoses of fibromyalgia recruited from primary care settings (N = 208). Instruments: In addition to sociodemographic data, the following questionnaires were administered: Pain Visual Analogue Scale (PVAS), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (10-item CD-RISC), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS).ResultsRegarding construct validity, the factor solution in the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was considered adequate, so the KMO test had a value of 0.91, and the Barlett’s test of sphericity was significant (χ2 = 852.8; gl = 45; p < 0.001). Only one factor showed an eigenvalue greater than 1, and it explained 50.4% of the variance. PCA and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results did not show significant differences between groups. The 10-item CD-RISC scale demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.89 for a six-week interval). The 10-item CD-RISC score was significantly correlated with all of the other psychometric instruments in the expected direction, except for the PVAS (−0.115; p = 0.113).ConclusionsOur study confirms that the Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC shows, in patients with fibromyalgia, acceptable psychometric properties, with a high level of reliability and validity.
Highlights
No resilience scale has been validated in Spanish patients with fibromyalgia
The last seven items are concerned with job performance, pain, fatigue, morning tiredness, stiffness, anxiety, and depression, and are measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS)
Our study confirms that the Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC shows, in patients with fibromyalgia, acceptable psychometric properties, with a high level of reliability and validity
Summary
No resilience scale has been validated in Spanish patients with fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the 10-item CD-RISC in a sample of Spanish patients with fibromyalgia. Evidence suggests that among individuals with chronic pain such as fibromyalgia, arthritis, or osteoarthritis, psychological factors play a key role in the development and maintenance of the disease [7]. Resilience, defined as the ability to recover from and adapt positively to stress and adversity [11], is a multidimensional construct determined by genetic, psychological, social, biological, and environmental factors [11,12,13,14,15], and its variability depends on context, time, age, and life circumstances [16]. Positive emotions have been described as a key aspect of resilience, so that resilient individuals use positive emotions to cope with stress and adverse circumstances [17,18,19,20]
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