Abstract
BackgroundThe Pain Self-Perception Scale (PSPS) is a 24-item questionnaire used to assess mental defeat in chronic pain patients. The aim of this study was to develop a Spanish language version of the PSPS (PSPS-Spanish), to assess the instrument's psychometric properties in a sample of patients with fibromyalgia and to confirm a possible overlapping between mental defeat and pain catastrophizing.MethodsThe PSPS was translated into Spanish by three bilingual content and linguistic experts, and then back-translated into English to assess for equivalence. The final Spanish version was administered, along with the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Pain Visual Analogue Scale (PVAS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), to 250 Spanish patients with fibromyalgia.ResultsPSPS-Spanish was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.90 and the item-total r correlation coefficients ranged between 0.68 and 0.86). Principal components analysis revealed a one-factor structure which explained 61.4% of the variance. The test-retest correlation assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient, over a 1-2 weeks interval, was 0.78. The total PSPS score was significantly correlated with all the questionnaires assessed (HADS, PVAS, PCS, and FIQ).ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the PSPS appears to be a valid tool in assessing mental defeat in patients with fibromyalgia. In patients with fibromyalgia and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), PSPS-Spanish correlates more intensely with FIQ than in patients without PTSD. Mental defeat seems to be a psychological construct different to pain catastrophizing.
Highlights
The Pain Self-Perception Scale (PSPS) is a 24-item questionnaire used to assess mental defeat in chronic pain patients
* Correspondence: martaalda@hotmail.com 1Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of the article. As both Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression are frequently comorbid with chronic pain, Tang et al [6] studied the concept of mental defeat in chronic pain patients
They developed a specific questionnaire to measure it, the Pain Self-Perception Scale (PSPS), which showed adequate psychometric properties. This questionnaire has not been validated in other languages different from English, and it has not been used in fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic pain disorder”
Summary
The Pain Self-Perception Scale (PSPS) is a 24-item questionnaire used to assess mental defeat in chronic pain patients. In the context of torture or assault, mental defeat predicts the development and severity of PTSD, and the response to subsequent treatment [1,2,3,4] This construct has been strongly associated with the severity of depression, and the association remains highly significant even when hopelessness is controlled for [5]. As both PTSD and depression are frequently comorbid with chronic pain, Tang et al [6] studied the concept of mental defeat in chronic pain patients They developed a specific questionnaire to measure it, the Pain Self-Perception Scale (PSPS), which showed adequate psychometric properties. This questionnaire has not been validated in other languages different from English, and it has not been used in fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic pain disorder”
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