Abstract
Introduction:This study was designed to produce a validated and reliable Malay version of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI-M) questionnaire.Materials and method:The cross-cultural adaptation was conducted based on standard guidelines to produce the Malay version of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI-M) questionnaire. The reliability and validity testing were then performed among one hundred and twenty-three physically active University of Malaya students. Among them, twenty-two students also participated in the second return of the questionnaire over a two-week interval, which was then evaluated for test-retest reliability testing.Results:The content validity for item-level (I-CVI) and Kappa values for all items were more than 0.7, respectively and the all scales-level (S-CVI) values were 0.983 (consistency), 0.967 (representativeness), 1.00 (relevance) and 0.983 (clarity). The questionnaire also demonstrated excellent reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1) above 0.850 for all items. It was observed that outer loading of most items were more than the minimum acceptable value (0.7). Fornell-Larcker criterion demonstrate all values for each reflective construct was larger than the correlations with other constructs, indicating discriminant. The cross-loading values of each item has shown a weak correlation with all other constructs, except for the one to which it was theoretically associated.Conclusions:The Malay version of the IdFAI (IdFAI-M) is a reliable and valid instrument that can be readily utilised to subjectively assess ankle instability.
Highlights
This study was designed to produce a validated and reliable Malay version of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI-M) questionnaire
These residual symptoms include pain, weakness, recurrence sprain and instability[2,3]. This occurrence of repeated lateral ankle sprains is known as chronic ankle instability (CAI) and characterised by a multifactorial condition involving mechanical and/or functional instability[4,5]
The English version of the IdFAI questionnaire was adapted for use by the general population of Malaysia in accordance with the recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the sixstage self-reporting measures[22,23,24,25,26]
Summary
This study was designed to produce a validated and reliable Malay version of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI-M) questionnaire. Materials and method: The cross-cultural adaptation was conducted based on standard guidelines to produce the Malay version of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI-M) questionnaire. Conclusions: The Malay version of the IdFAI (IdFAI-M) is a reliable and valid instrument that can be readily utilised to subjectively assess ankle instability. 73% of all athletes had recurrent ankle sprain, and 59% of these athletes had significant disability and residual symptoms resulting in athletic performance impairment[1]. These residual symptoms include pain, weakness, recurrence sprain and instability[2,3]. The earliest author to come up with this definition was Freeman in 1965, which he described as “tendency for the foot to ‘give way’ after an initial ankle sprain”[7]
Published Version
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