Validation of the method for determining toxic elements, micro- and macroelements in biological samples using atomic emission inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES)

Abstract

The relevance of the problem of determining toxic elements and micro-macroelements in biological fluids is increasing in connection with the pollution of the environment by such chemical elements as Lead, Fluorine, Cadmium, Mercury, Manganese, Copper, etc. Toxic elements in technological processing with gaseous, solid, and liquid waste enter the environment, forming artificial biogeochemical provinces in cities and industrial complexes. In this regard, the content of many chemical elements in the air, soil, reservoirs, and the organism of animals and plants, which the population uses as food products, increases. At the same time, trace elements are the essential catalysts of metabolic processes and play an important role in the body's adaptation. Metals are an essential structural component of biological macromolecules, ensuring their normal functioning. Although minerals do not have energy value like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, many enzymatic processes in the body are impossible without their participation. An excess of metal can lead to the development of a pathological process, and an imbalance between essential elements causes severe disturbances in body functions. In most cases, the elemental content of the blood (plasma, serum) is an informative indicator of the state of the animal's organism. The method for determining 17 metals (Aluminum, Stybium, Arsenic, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Ferrum, Lead, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Argentum, Sodium, Zinc, Sodium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium) in biological samples was validated ( blood, serum, urine) by the method of optical emission inductively coupled plasma and determined validation characteristics of the way, namely: limit of detection, the limit of quantification, accuracy, correctness, convergence, reproducibility, selectivity, linearity, working range. This method was found simple, sensitive, practical, and universal, as confirmed by LOD and LOQ data. The way shows good linearity in the range of 1–1000 µg/l, depending on the investigated metal. The way is selective and precise. The obtained validation data meet the requirements of the Eurachem Guidelines.