Abstract
The current study aimed to validate the Japanese version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-J), a new burnout measure. We conducted an Internet survey to confirm the validity and reliability of the BAT-J, using registered monitors from a Japanese survey company. The first-wave survey was conducted in May 2018, with 1,032 monitors. Of these, 498 participated in the second-wave survey in June 2018 to confirm 1-month test–retest reliability. We examined the factorial validity of the BAT-J core symptoms (BAT-JC) and BAT-J secondary symptoms (BAT-JS), as well as their reliability (internal consistency and test–retest reliability) and construct validity. Factorial validity was examined using confirmatory factor analyses and exploratory structural equation modeling bifactor analyses. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined using multitrait–multimethod frameworks well as the average variance explained. Exploratory structural equation modeling bifactor solutions for the BAT-JC, BAT-JS, and BAT-J demonstrated the best fit to the data. They also indicated that the general factor accounted for over two-thirds of the common variance explained. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were confirmed. Convergent and internal discriminant validity of the BAT-JC were confirmed vis-ȧ-vis burnout, as assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey. Moreover, external discriminant validity of the BAT-J was demonstrated for work engagement and workaholism. Finally, both BAT scales showed significant positive relationships with job demands and turnover intention. All validity results were in line with the job demands–resources model. The results of the current study provide the first evidence for the BAT-J’s reliability and factorial and construct validity.
Highlights
Burnout has become a matter of global concern for working people
Because the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)-GS does not measure secondary symptoms of burnout, we focused on the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT)-JC in this analysis
These results suggest that the BAT-JC, BAT-JS, and Japanese version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-J) can be treated as a unidimensional scale
Summary
Burnout has become a matter of global concern for working people. It has been defined as “a state of exhaustion in which one is cynical about the value of one’s occupation and doubtful of one’s capacity to perform” Research has confirmed that burnout predicts physical and psychological consequences, including cardiovascular diseases (Toppinen-Tanner et al, 2009; Toker et al, 2012), type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders (Melamed, 2009; Armon et al, 2010), depressive symptoms (Ahola and Hakanen, 2007; Armon et al, 2014; Bianchi et al, 2015), and insomnia (Armon et al, 2008). Burnout predicts occupational consequences such as job dissatisfaction (Figueiredo-Ferraz et al, 2012; Lizano and Mor Barak, 2015), sickness-related absence (Borritz et al, 2006; Schaufeli et al, 2009a; Hallsten et al, 2011), and turnover intention (Geurts et al, 1998; Schaufeli and Bakker, 2004; Lin et al, 2013)
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