Validated simultaneous high-performance thin-layer chromatography‒mass spectrometry method for analysis of citalopram prochlorperazine, midazolam, and chlorodiazepoxide in urine for forensic analysis

Abstract

Drug breakthroughs and development have been a great blessing to mankind. Problem arises when these are used in non-medical context such as use for recreational purposes, using drugs outside the label directions, and use with malicious intent as found in homicidal cases. Young generations get trapped into vicious cycle of drug addiction that has deleterious effects on their mind and body. Drugs including psychomotor drugs, opioids, narcotics, inhalants, stimulants, and central nervous system depressants are easily accessible. Forensic science plays a crucial role in investigation pertaining to drug abuse and overdose. Complex biological and non-biological matrices are submitted to forensic science laboratories for analysis and interpretation of the effects of drugs/toxicants/poisons on human body and environment. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the determination of various prescription drugs in the urine using high-performance thin-layer chromatography‒mass spectrometry (HPTLC‒MS) technique. New combination of solvent systems was tried for the simultaneous detection of frequently used prescription drugs in urine. The method was developed and validated using HPTLC‒MS for the quantitative estimation of benzodiazepines, anti-depressants, and tranquilizers in urine using a common solvent system for all the drugs. Mobile phase cyclohexane‒toluene‒diethylamine (7:1.5:1.5, V/V) with one drop strong ammonia solution was used as mobile phase. Method validation was carried out according to the International Council of Harmonization guidelines. The present HPTLC‒MS method being simple, sensitive, precise, and accurate can be used for the detection and quantitative estimation of benzodiazepines, anti-depressants, and tranquilizers in biological specimens.