Validación del Cuestionario de Variables de Interacción Psicosocial (VIP): hacia un modelo de tratamiento de las conductas adictivas «guiado por la personalidad»

Abstract

Objective The personality can be studied at three levels: clinical (disorders), traits and the level of interactive variables. There are valid instruments for the measurement of both first, but we do not have any that explores in a combined way the interactional level. We propose a model of «personality guided treatment» for the addictive behaviours in the direction of the one proposed by Millon for axis II disorders, based on function of drug in relation to its personality pattern. The aim of the study is to design and validation of a questionnaire that explores in a suitable and simple way a certain number of psycho-social interaction variables in the individuals that are in treatment by abuse/dependency of substances and gambling. We choose as variables: self-esteem, general self-efficacy, optimism, locus of control, social abilities, self-control and coping styles. Material and methods It is described the creation process of the Questionnaire of Variables of Psycho-social Interaction (VIP), until reaching its definitive form, with 84 items. We validate on a sample of 776 subjects, 569 in treatment by abuse/ dependency of heroin, cocaine, alcohol, cannabis, benzodiazepines and compulsive gambling; and 197 subjects of general population. Results All participants compliment the VIP and diverse complementary questionnaires for the validity study. The global internal consistency is 0.93 and the one of the scales that compose it locates between 0.82 and 0.91, except for those of coping oriented to search of social support (5 items), 0.78; and the one of locus of control (3 items), 0.65. The temporary consistency of the scales (between 4 and 6 weeks) is 0.92 for general population and 0.80 for subjects in treatment. The apparent, content, convergent and discriminative and construct validity studies, are suitables. The scales of the VIP predict an average of 45% of the variance of the clinical syndromes of axis I, and 33% of pathological personality patterns (reaching more of 50% in 5 of them) considered by means of the MCMI-II. Conclusions We considered that the VIP is an instrument of utility for the core personality variables study, that allows the understanding of functional value of the addictive behaviours in relation to the persons general behaviour pattern, and can facilitate the design and evaluation of the specific treatments, although can be applied in other scopes.