Abstract

El campo del tratamiento residencial del abuso de drogas entre adolescentes es un terreno por explorar en profundidad. Los pocos estudios con que se cuenta hasta la fecha provienen de muestras con unas características muy concretas, y que no permiten la generalización de resultados. Se pretende actualizar el conocimiento sobre el tratamiento en comunidad terapéutica y su efectividad, teniendo en cuenta el perfil de los jóvenes que acceden al mismo. Para ello se ha realizado una búsqueda en las bases de datos Medline, Psycinfo y Cochrane, incorporando, en una segunda fase, las referencias más relevantes. A pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas de los estudios, la comunidad terapéutica resulta eficaz en el tratamiento de adolescentes con problemas moderados o severos de consumo, que requieren una intervención intensiva, integral y prolongada. Para mantener los efectos beneficiosos al alta, y prevenir futuras recaídas, la continuidad asistencial resulta fundamental. The residential treatment of adolescent substance abuse is a growing interest area to explore in depth. Most of the few studies conducted to date have used very specific samples, so that the generalization of results is not possible. The aim of this study is to update knowledge about therapeutic communities and its effectiveness, taking into account the profile of young people admitted to treatment. A systematic review was conducted using Medline, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases. Additional references from the bibliographies of selected articles were also included to review. Despite the methodological limitations of the studies, the therapeutic community is effective in treating adolescents with moderate/severe drug consumption, who need an intensive, comprehensive and time-sustained intervention. To preserve the post-treatment benefits, and so as to prevent future relapses in drug use, continuity of care in community services is crucial.

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