Abstract
The accurate assessment of the mean concentric barbell velocity (MCV) and its displacement are crucial aspects of resistance training. Therefore, the validity and reliability indicators of an easy-to-use inertial measurement unit (VmaxPro®) were examined. Nineteen trained males (23.1 ± 3.2 years, 1.78 ± 0.08 m, 75.8 ± 9.8 kg; Squat 1-Repetition maximum (1RM): 114.8 ± 24.5 kg) performed squats and hip thrusts (3–5 sets, 30 repetitions total, 75% 1RM) on two separate days. The MCV and displacement were simultaneously measured using VmaxPro® and a linear position transducer (Speed4Lift®). Good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (0.91 < ICC < 0.96) with a small systematic bias (p < 0.001; ηp2 < 0.50) for squats (0.01 ± 0.04 m·s−1) and hip thrusts (0.01 ± 0.05 m·s−1) and a low limit of agreement (LoA < 0.12 m·s−1) indicated an acceptable validity. The within- and between-day reliability of the MCV revealed good ICCs (0.55 < ICC < 0.91) and a low LoA (<0.16 m·s−1). Although the displacement revealed a systematic bias during squats (p < 0.001; ηp2 < 0.10; 3.4 ± 3.4 cm), no bias was detectable during hip thrusts (p = 0.784; ηp2 < 0.001; 0.3 ± 3.3 cm). The displacement showed moderate to good ICCs (0.43 to 0.95) but a high LoA (7.8 to 10.7 cm) for the validity and (within- and between-day) reliability of squats and hip thrusts. The VmaxPro® is considered to be a valid and reliable tool for the MCV assessment.
Highlights
Velocity-based training (VBT) for strength and power conditioning has gained increasing interest in numerous sports [1]
These findings suggest that VBT enables a robust, non-invasive and highly sensitive method to estimate relevant strength training indicators such as the relative loading intensity (% 1-Repetition maximum (1RM)), the maximum strength (1RM) [5] or the level of effort and neuromuscular fatigue during a training set [2]
The rANOVA revealed a significant effect of the mean concentric (barbell) velocity (MCV) between the devices (S4L and VMP) for both the SQ (p < 0.001; ηp 2 = 0.50) and the hip thrust (HT) (p < 0.001; ηp 2 = 0.26)
Summary
Velocity-based training (VBT) for strength and power conditioning has gained increasing interest in numerous sports [1]. Based on a strong relationship between the movement velocity and the relative load of the one repetition maximum (% 1RM), resistance training can be controlled by movement velocity [2,3] This VBT approach enables a 1RM estimation based on the load–velocity relationships on a daily basis in real-time with an acceptable degree of accuracy compared with traditional 1RM testing (R2 = 0.954; standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 4.02%) [3,4]. These findings suggest that VBT enables a robust, non-invasive and highly sensitive method to estimate relevant strength training indicators such as the relative loading intensity (% 1RM), the maximum strength (1RM) [5] or the level of effort and neuromuscular fatigue during a training set [2]. If the mean concentric (barbell) velocity (MCV) drops below a certain level (% of velocity loss), the set is stopped in favor of the set, still having a few repetitions in reserve until failure [2]
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