Abstract
The design of vacuum systems for storage rings requires broad application of many different diverse fields. It is no longer possible to be an artist and put together a system of pipes and pumps on the spot and launch it on a ten-year career without much further attention! The design of an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) system for an electron/positron storage ring requires a knowledge of surface science; materials science; thermal and mechanical stress analysis; beam-induced RF fields; x-ray absorption, reflection and fluorescence; scattering of beam particles and production of secondaries; and above all, a flair for the art of magic to put all this together and make a UHV system out of narrow beam pipes with very low conductance, no space for pumps, and permission denied to make large holes for pumping ports! UHV systems for e + e − collider factories have to handle large circulating beam currents in the ampere range containing hundreds of short intense bunches. Dynamic pressures are required to be in the low 10−9 Torr range or even lower, to allow beam storage times from a few hours to as much as 24 hours.
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