Abstract

Abstract We report a highly efficient transparent and inverted organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with a vacuum-deposited MoO3 (5 nm)/Ag (12 nm)/WO3 (40 nm) (MAW) multilayered electrode having a low sheet resistance of 4.2 Ω/sq, an average transmittance of 88% at a wavelength of 500–550 nm, and a smooth morphology with a root-mean-square roughness of 0.339 nm. The inverted phosphorescent OLED with MAW anode exhibits a total (sum of the bottom and top emissions) maximum power efficiency of 62.1 l m/W and an external quantum efficiency of 20.1%. In addition, the transparent device can achieve almost equal bottom-to-top emission ratio of 1:1.1 and a total transmittance of >80% in the visible-light range. The better device performance arises from the transparent MAW electrode acting as a capping layer to modulate the bottom/top emission direction and the optical properties of the device.

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