Abstract
The existence of nanoclusters that are thermo- dynamically stable at elevated temperatures is truly intri- guing because of its scientific implications and potential applications. Highly stable nanoclusters have been observed by atom probe tomography in iron-based alloys at temperatures close to 1400°C (0.92Tm) that appear to defy the stability constraints of artificially created nano- structured materials. The ~4-nm-diameter Ti-, Y- and O- enriched nanoclusters are identified in the new form of a highly defective material state with vacancies as the criti- cal alloying component and with (Ti + Y):O ratio differ- ent from the stable TiO2 and Y2Ti2O7 oxides. Vacancies play an indispensable role in enhancing the oxygen solu- bility and increasing the oxygen binding energy in the presence of Ti and Y, resulting in the stabilization of coherent nanoclusters. Atom probe tomography charac- terizations and theoretical predictions indicate that vacan- cies can be exploited for the first time as a nanoscale constituent to design materials with far superior high tem- perature properties.
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