Abstract
This paper concerns a ground penetrating radar system (GPR) presenting beam forming ability. This ability is due to a great flexibility in the emission of wavefronts. The innovative concept is to use an array of antennas which can reconfigure itself dynamically, in order to focus on a desired target. This antennas system can act as a new microwave sensor to detect and characterize buried targets in an inhomogeneous medium which is the case study in various application fields such as geophysics, medical, planetology,... Its electronics are in development with the DORT (Time reversal technique) method integration for optimizing the localization of buried target. This paper aims are to present the antenna optimization used in the GPR applications. Typical antennas used in GPR are generally Vivaldi ones directly on the ground. Especially, in the context of the space mission ExoMars 2020, the radar antenna is set on a mobile station at a distance of about 30 cm from the ground to avoid any contact. However, they are limited by their important size, due to the lowest frequency of their bandwidth. Results of this work concern an increase of the antenna bandwidth by shifting the lower-band limit, making it a UWB type [500 MHz–4 GHz] without changing its size. As low frequency waves can spread deeper into probed medium, this optimization can improve the radar data inversion performances.
Highlights
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) uses a high frequency radio signal that is transmitted into the ground and reflected signals are returned to the receiver
Our system called μISFINE (Micro Waveform-Agile Sensors for Fine Investigation in Noisy Environment) will configure itself to focus its radiance on a desired buried object. This focusing of energy will enhance the detection, localization and data inversion with an implementation of the RT-DORT method [3], [4]
Analytical simulations of the DORT method are completed; we must continue this study with exact numerical simulations in highly heterogeneous environment with the exact design of antennas
Summary
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) uses a high frequency radio signal that is transmitted into the ground and reflected signals are returned to the receiver. Our system called μISFINE (Micro Waveform-Agile Sensors for Fine Investigation in Noisy Environment) will configure itself to focus its radiance on a desired buried object This focusing of energy will enhance the detection, localization and data inversion with an implementation of the RT-DORT method (decomposition of the time reversal operator) [3], [4]. For a better electromagnetic wave propagation in the near subsurface, it is interesting to shift the bandwidth lowest frequency limit as low as possible To achieve this goal, a new HF electronics must be developed, and a new directional antenna without increasing its size. Increasing the bandwidth, only by reducing the lower frequency limit, improves the wave underground penetration and the spatial resolution as we will see below This penalizes antenna directivity, by means of the aperture angle, and lowers the horizontal resolution. For a better control of the transitional regime of antennas, we develop a step frequency
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