Abstract
Several formulae for computing the direct coupling efficiencies from laser diodes to diffused channel waveguides, based on mathematic models for approximating the corresponding laser beams and the waveguiding modes, have been derived in this paper. Then, the authors utilize a simple shift-or-shrink (SOS) algorithm to seek their optimal coupling conditions, including the incident positions of the laser beams and the corresponding horizontal and vertical beam widths. The simulation results are presented and compared.
Highlights
The topics of direct coupling from a laser diode (LD) or an optical fiber to a dielectric channel waveguide are very important in the integrated optics [1]-[14]
We draw some conclusions from our simulation results as follows
For coupling LD’s ellipticallyGaussian beams with parameters to Type-1 waveguiding mode with parameters (a1,a2,a3,b), the optimal conditions always occurs in case of wx=a1 and wy=(a2+a3)/2
Summary
The topics of direct coupling from a laser diode (LD) or an optical fiber to a dielectric channel waveguide are very important in the integrated optics [1]-[14]. For either cases in sub-figures 1(a) or (b), the direct coupling efficiency between LD’s optical beam and the diffused channel waveguide can be calculated by a normalized overlapped integral [8], [9], [14], received Nov 2020; for review Nov 2020; accepted 7 May 2021 By fundamental principles in Calculus, it is shown that the optimal efficiency occurs in the case of wx=a1, it means both LD’s optical beam and the waveguiding mode have identical horizontal Gaussian profiles.
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