Utilization of the Coffee Ground-Derived Hard Carbon and Enhancement of Its Electrochemical Performance Via Sulfur Doping

Abstract

Waste reduction and recycling performance in global economic and ecologic spheres are beginning to take shape every year. Undoubtedly, a particular attention is being devoted to the utilization of biomass-derived products for battery fabrication. It is significant to note that a selection of relevant biomass material, possessing a high and stable capacity (~300 mAh/g) within 200 cycles is a challenging part, becoming the main objective of the research project.In this context, coffee ground derived anode material for Sodium-ion battery (SIB) preserved a semi-stable structure with intergranular and microcracks due to the successive thermal treatments. Hydrothermal conversion processes acts as a significant part of the thermal conversion from coffee ground to hard carbon due to the continuous re-condensation reactions, allowing fabricating low surface area and blocked pores. Doping hard carbon with S improved electrochemical performance by achieving higher capacity than undoped material. The sulfur doped carbonized material has a unique porous structure that increased specific surface area and provided additional active site for sodium ion adsorption. Subsequently, further investigation will be focused on enhancement of hard carbon’s pores. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan Grant (AP09259165), “Utilization of the biowaste-derived carbon and enhancement of its electrochemical performance via doping”.