Abstract
Pyrolysis oil, produced from industrial as well as municipal solid wastes through pyrolysis, could be a viable renewable alternative fuel. In this study, abundantly available industrial tea wastes are used to produce liquid oil. Flash pyrolysis experiments on a fluidized bed reactor were performed to analyze pyrolysis characteristics. The study evaluated three important process parameters, that is, pyrolysis temperature (300–500°C), particle size (0.5–1.25 mm), and inert gas flow rate (1.5–2.25 m3/hr). The thermogravimetric analysis of the tea wastes demonstrated that the thermal pyrolysis is possible to produce pyrolysis liquid and value added chemicals. The flash pyrolysis experiment produces maximum of 46.3 wt% liquid oil at the temperature of 400°C, particle size of 1.0 mm, and the sweep flow rate of 1.75 m3/hr. The liquid products were analyzed for its physical and chemical characteristics using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The heating value of the liquid products showed that it can be used as liquid fuels, and its elements can be used for various industrial applications.
Highlights
Biomass is the world’s largest green energy source, accounting for 14% of global energy consumption. e expandable global population demand for energy ensures a need for continuous supply of energy in a sustainable manner. e unsustainable use of conventional fossil-based fuels escalating environmental repercussions motivates the researchers to find suitable alternative energy
Among liquid gas and char, pyrolysis liquid is being the most important product since it can be stored and transported. It is a complex mixture of chemical substances, predominantly oxygenates [10]. e general lignocellulosic composition of biomass materials varies from one type to another, which affects the performance of the conversion system and characteristics of the end products [11]
Biomass with higher amount of cellulose and hemicellulose produces more number of liquid products, whereas the composition of lignin components produces liquid with higher viscosity. e presence of various lignocellulosic compositions in the biomass gives complexity during pyrolysis. is complexity poses numerous challenges when it is utilized in economic way
Summary
Biomass is the world’s largest green energy source, accounting for 14% of global energy consumption. e expandable global population demand for energy ensures a need for continuous supply of energy in a sustainable manner. e unsustainable use of conventional fossil-based fuels escalating environmental repercussions motivates the researchers to find suitable alternative energy. Biochemical and thermochemical processes are the major two types of conversion techniques for energy recovery from industrial based biomass materials [5]. Compared to various biomass conversion processes, pyrolysis is an effective technique to produce biofuel from lowvalue, biomass, and biobased industrial wastes. Pyrolysis is the most efficient method for converting biomass to a liquid intermediate that can be refined into hydrocarbon biofuels and petrochemical substitutes It is the process of heating an organic substance in the absence of air. E authors suggested the produced oil to use as secondary fuel for furnace in tea industry process [17]. Is study focused on the use of collective industrial tea wastes for liquid oil generation via thermal pyrolysis, because the combustion pathway creates a huge amount of garbage, and it creates serious environmental issues, which is not feasible for Indian context. Pyrolysis is a potential alternative approach for extracting energy and value-added chemicals. e study focused on the effect of reactor temperature, feedstock size, and nitrogen flow rate to get optimum liquid oil though flash pyrolysis experiment
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