Abstract
Industrialization is the key to the growth of any country’s economy. However, on the other hand, the production of industrial waste is increasing enormously, which adversely impacts the environment and natural resources. Red mud is also a widespread industrial waste produced during aluminium extraction from bauxite ore in Bayer’s process. Red mud is a highly alkaline material that creates a massive environmental threat in nature. To reduce the impact of this solid waste material, the ideal method is to use it in construction works with appropriate stabilization. This study envisages the strength properties of red mud with fly ash and cement to use it as a road construction material in the subgrade. The influence of fly ash and cement on improving the strength properties of red mud was studied in detail by replacing red mud with 10%, 20%, and 30% with fly ash and 1%, 3%, and 5% of cement to its dry weight. The CBR (California bearing ratio) value was increased from 1.58% to 11.6% by stabilizing red mud with fly ash and cement, which can be used as a road construction material. The UCS (unconfined compressive strength) of red mud was increased from 825 kPa to 2340 kPa upon curing for 28 days with the right mix of fly ash and cement. Along with the strength properties, the chemical analysis of leachate for the best suitable mix was performed according to the TCLP method to understand the hazardous materials present in the red mud when it is injected as ground material. Both strength properties and the leachate characteristics prove that the red mud with suitable fly ash and cement is an excellent material in road constructions.
Highlights
Industrialization is the key to the growth of any country’s economy
Taking the soil from a region where the soil is utilized for agricultural purpose will decrease the yield. It will make many depressions in the ground which may result in land degradation. e disposal of tremendous amounts of solid wastes like red mud and flyash which comes from manufacturing industries makes a number of geoenvironmental issues such as groundwater contamination and surface water and neighborhood air contamination, other than loss of profitable land close to the plant site. ese solid wastes can be combined to deliver a composite material of high California bearing ratio (CBR) values and good compressive strength which can be utilized as subgrade instead of soils of low values
UCS samples were prepared based on the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) of the Red mud (RM), and the results show that the UCS of RM is 815 kPa for the 28 days curing
Summary
Utilization of Red Mud-Fly Ash Reinforced with Cement in Road Construction Applications. Red mud is a widespread industrial waste produced during aluminium extraction from bauxite ore in Bayer’s process. Is study envisages the strength properties of red mud with fly ash and cement to use it as a road construction material in the subgrade. E CBR (California bearing ratio) value was increased from 1.58% to 11.6% by stabilizing red mud with fly ash and cement, which can be used as a road construction material. Ese solid wastes can be combined to deliver a composite material of high CBR values and good compressive strength which can be utilized as subgrade instead of soils of low values. Red mud (RM) is an industrial waste produced from Bayer’s technique of extracting aluminium from bauxite ore.
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