Utilization of QCA based T flip flop to design counters

Abstract

As CMOS technology has a scaling limitation in deep nanometer technologies, the best alternative for CMOS technology is a Quantum - Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology. Quantum dot Cellular Automata has the combined nature of both quantum mechanics and cellular automata. The QCA technology has many advantages than transistor based technology such as small size, high speed, and low power consumption. The working principle of QCA technology is at the molecular level. In conventional CMOS technology, transistors are used to create a logic gate. But in QCA technology, QCA cells are used to create logic gates and wire. The basic logic elements are an inverter and the majority gate. By using these elements many of the combinational and sequential circuits are created. In this brief, we propose the binary up counter using T flip flop. 2 bit and 3 bit Counters are implemented using the above mentioned QCA technology. The layout was designed and the functionality of the counter circuit was verified using QCADesigner tool.