Utilization of Pyrolytic Carbon Black Waste for the Development of Sustainable Materials

Faizan Ali,Nasir Mahmood Khan,Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah,Muhammad Ahmed Qurashi,Hafiz Shahzaib Rahim,Muhammad Waseem,Hunain Arshad,Muhammad Farhan,Zia Khursheed,Mishmal Ahmed Khan

doi:10.3390/pr8020174

Abstract

The sustainable development of materials is one of the key targets in the modern era of engineering. These materials are developed by different waste products, following the concept of the circular economy. This study focuses on investigating the properties of concrete using carbon black as a partial replacement of natural fine aggregate at different percentages. Experiments were designed according to the British Standard (BS1881-Part-119) and American Standard (ASTM C-78) by including carbon black in concrete beams to perform as filler material to develop sustainable concrete. In this study, mechanical properties of concrete were targeted by developing beams using different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) as a replacement of fine aggregates. These beams were tested for flexural strength and, later on, the same beams were cut in the form of cubes, following the equivalent cube test mechanism for the compressive strength test. The waste carbon black lightweight concrete developed in this study was utilized for both structural and non-structural purposes. At 25% and 50% replacement, the strength of lightweight concrete varied from 20–18 MPa, and according to American Concrete Institute (ACI) standards, lightweight concrete at 28 days strength with ≥17 MPa can be used as structural concrete, and the remaining 75% and 100% replacement concrete can be used for non-structural purposes. This study will help in the development of economical eco-friendly sustainable concrete materials.

Highlights

For development purposes, the material that is utilized the most is concrete [1]
To know about the workability of fresh waste carbon black, a concrete slump test was performed on every replacement of fine aggregates
This study focused on the utilization of waste carbon black as filler material for the development

Summary

Introduction

For development purposes, the material that is utilized the most is concrete [1]. Due to the rapid utilization of concrete, the manufacturing of cement is expanding every day, which contributes to environmental pollution due to the release of CO2 [2,3]. The density of that type of concrete is very high, which contributes to the high self-load for structure [6,7]. To resist this loading effect, extra measures (i.e., reinforcing) are required to be taken [8]. Because of all these aspects, the consumption of lightweight concrete is expanding day by day [9,10]. Lightweight concrete is very helpful in minimizing this effect and makes a construction durable and strong due to Processes 2020, 8, 174; doi:10.3390/pr8020174 www.mdpi.com/journal/processes

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